Proteasome modulator 9 gene rs14259 polymorphism in patients with diabetic polyneuropahy

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a major chronic neurological complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and typically presents as diabetic sensory polyneuropathy (DSPN). Whereas some patients with similar risk factors develop polyneuropathy, others don’t, which suggests that genetics plays an important role in the progression of disease. The proteasome modulator 9 gene (PSMD9) is a transcriptional regulator of the insulin gene and its variants cause beta-cell dysfunction that devastates insulin transcription. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between PSMD9 rs14259 polymorphism and the risk of DSPN in Turkish DM patients with DPN. Methods: The study included 31 DM patients with DSPN and 29 healthy controls. All participants underwent electrophysiological investigation. In addition, DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples for the genotyping of PSMD9 rs14259 polymorphism. Results: Mean age in the DSPN and control groups was 58.03±9.59 years and 57.62±12.32 years, respectively. There were significant differences between the DSPN and controls groups in the frequencies of the genotype for AA (n=9 and n=12, respectively), AG (n=10 and n=15, respectively), and GG (n=12 and n=2, respectively). According to the distribution of PSMD9 rs14259 polymorphism, 45.2% (n=28) of the patients and 67.2% (n=39) of the controls had the A allele, and 54.8% (n=34) of the patients and 32.8% (n=19) of the controls had the G allele, whereas the frequency of the G allele of rs14259 was significantly higher in the DSPN group (X 2 =1.059, P=0.015) than in the control group (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.18–5.23). Conclusion: The present findings show that the GG genotype and G allele of PSMD9 rs14259 polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of DSPN in Turkish DM patients.

A Drosophila model of diabetic neuropathy reveals a role of proteasome activity in the glia

“…From this screening, we picked out CG9588 ( Drosophila proteasome modulator 9, dPSMD9 ), an orthologue of human proteasome modulator 9 ( PSMD9 ). It has been suggested that polymorphisms of the PSMD9 gene are associated with the risk of DPN, 14 , 19 but experimental validation and mechanism studies remain to be performed. We confirmed that dPSMD9 knockdown suppressed impairment of heat avoidance in HSD-fed flies by using a second independent RNAi line ( Figure 3 A).…”

“…For candidate genetic screening, we selected Aldo-keto reductase 1B ( Akr1B ), Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase ( Parp ), Pelle ( pll ), Relish ( Rel ), and PSMD9 , which are the Drosophila homologues of human DPN-associated genes or their signaling cascade molecules (asterisks in Table S2 ). 14 , 19 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 The genes other than Parp were identified as modulators according to our criteria ( Figure S4 ). Aldose reductase (AR), one of the predicted homologues of Akr1B, is a late-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway that converts glucose to sorbitol and fructose.…”

A Drosophila model of diabetic neuropathy reveals a crucial role of proteasome activity in the glia

“…From this screening, we picked out CG9588 ( Drosophila proteasome modulator 9, dPSMD9 ), an orthologue of human proteasome modulator 9 ( PSMD9 ). It has been suggested that polymorphisms of the PSMD9 gene are associated with the risk of DPN (Gragnoli, 2011a; Salcini et al, 2021), but experimental validation and mechanism studies remain to be performed. We confirmed that dPSMD9 knockdown suppressed impairment of heat avoidance in HSD-fed flies by using a second independent RNAi line (Figure 3A).…”

“…The advantage of the fly DPN model is its application in genetic studies. For candidate genetic screening, we selected Aldo-keto reductase 1B ( Akr1B ), Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase ( Parp ), Pelle ( pll ), Relish ( Rel ), and dPSMD9 , which are the Drosophila homologues of human DPN-associated genes or their signaling cascade molecules (asterisks in Table S2) (Gragnoli, 2011a; Gupta and Singh, 2017; Heesom et al, 1998; Nikitin et al, 2008; Rudofsky et al, 2004; Salcini et al, 2021; Sivenius et al, 2004). The genes other than Parp were identified as modulators according to our criteria (Figure S4).…”