Protection Coordination Index Enhancement Considering Multiple DG Locations Using FCL

Pareto optimal allocation of fault current limiter based on immune algorithm considering cost and mitigation effect

“…Branch 2-3 and branch 16-17 are respectively the branches with the highest rate of fault current mitigation on bus 2 and bus 16. Increasing from a = 1 to a = 2, branch 2-30 and branch [16][17][18][19] have the next highest rates of fault current mitigation on bus 2 and bus 16, respectively. As a result, the following general rules can be proposed: 1) If the number of FCLs is one, the optimal location of FCLs is the location of the highest rate of fault current mitigation on the bus with the largest exceedance of fault current.…”

“…Therefore, considering the efficiency and mitigation effect, the optimal allocation of FCLs, in terms of their number, locations and impedances, has become a difficult multi-objective problem. Some research has been published on optimal allocation of FCLs [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

“…As a result, various optimization algorithms have been proposed for the optimal allocation of FCLs [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) method was employed to search for the optimal allocation of FCLs in [10], and a harmony search algorithm was used in [11].…”

“…An optimal allocation method of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) for reducing fault currents and mitigating voltage sag is proposed in [14]. An iterative mixed integer nonlinear optimization method was proposed for optimal allocation of FCL allocation in [15][16][17].…”

Data Mining and Neural Networks Based Self-Adaptive Protection Strategies for Distribution Systems with DGs and FCLs

“…Applications that combine DGs and FCLs increase the reliability and security of power systems; however, such applications have drawbacks, the most notable of which is miscoordination in protection systems due to the addition of DGs and FCLs [6][7][8].…”