Protective and Detoxifying Effects Conferred by Dietary Selenium and Curcumin against AFB1-Mediated Toxicity in Livestock: A Review

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), among other aflatoxins of the aflatoxin family, is the most carcinogenic and hazardous mycotoxin to animals and human beings with very high potency leading to aflatoxicosis. Selenium is an essential trace mineral possessing powerful antioxidant functions. Selenium is widely reported as an effective antioxidant against aflatoxicosis. By preventing oxidative liver damage, suppressing pro-apoptotic proteins and improving immune status in AFB1 affected animals; selenium confers specific protection against AFB1 toxicity. Meticulous supplementation of animal feed by elemental selenium in the organic and inorganic forms has proven to be effective to ameliorate AFB1 toxicity. Curcumin is another dietary agent of importance in tackling aflatoxicosis. Curcumin is one of the major active ingredients in the tubers of a spice Curcuma longa L., a widely reported antioxidant, anticarcinogenic agent with reported protective potential against aflatoxin-mediated liver damage. Curcumin restricts the aflatoxigenic potential of Aspergillus flavus. Curcumin inhibits cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, particularly CYP2A6 isoform; thereby reducing the formation of AFB1-8, 9-epoxide and other toxic metabolites causing aflatoxicosis. In this review, we have briefly reviewed important aflatoxicosis symptoms among animals. With the main focus on curcumin and selenium, we have reviewed their underlying protective mechanisms in different animals along with their extraction and production methods for feed applications.Keywords: aflatoxin B1; anti-AFB1 dietary supplement; curcumin; selenium; antioxidant status Key contribution: We have reviewed protective roles of selenium and curcumin in specific relation to tacking AFB1 toxicity in the livestock along with their reported underlying mechanisms for the potential feed applications catering across a broad host range.

Dual Role of Dietary Curcumin Through Attenuating AFB1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Injury via Modulating Liver Phase-I and Phase-II Enzymes Involved in AFB1 Bioactivation and Detoxification

“…Curcumin is a polyphenol commonly composed of three types of curcuminoids, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and diferuloylmethane, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (Common name: turmeric) famous for its pharmacological and therapeutic properties ( Anand et al, 2008 ). Several reports have documented the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-cancerous, and potent chemotherapeutic properties of curcumin ( Aggarwal et al, 2003 ; Joe et al, 2004 ; Liew and Mohd-Redzwan, 2018 ; Limaye et al, 2018 ; Rauf et al, 2018 ). It has been proved earlier that curcumin is effective against AFB 1 -induced oxidative stress ( Gowda et al, 2009 ; El-Bahr, 2015 ).…”

Black tea and curcumin synergistically mitigate the hepatotoxicity and nephropathic changes induced by chronic exposure to aflatoxin‐B1 in Sprague–Dawley rats

“…CMN was suggested to have specific cellular pathways for AFB1 detoxification (Muhammad et al, 2018) and p53 downregulation in various tumors like colon (Moos, Edes, Mullally, & Fitzpatrick, 2004) and breast (Hallman et al., 2017) cancers, but scarce data are available for its role in liver or kidney cancers. The mostly known action of CMN is its role in restricting the aflatoxigenic potential of A. flavus , by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, particularly CYP2A6 isoform; thereby reducing the formation of AFB1‐8,9‐epoxide and other aflatoxin metabolites (Limaye, Yu, Chou, Liu, & Cheng, 2018). Our findings suggest that BTE and CMN showed synergistic effect in protection against not only AFB1‐induced hepatotoxicity (Alm‐Eldeen, Mona, Shati, & El‐Mekkawy, 2015), but also the renal toxicity.…”

“…The AFB1‐mediated toxicity in tissues was attributed to the accumulated intracellular ROS, that is, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and H 2 O 2 during the biotransformation of AFB1 by the CYP450 enzyme in liver (Ozen et al., 2009). Relevant studies indicated that AFB1 metabolized by the CYP450, was transformed into exo‐AFB1‐8,9‐epoxide (AFBO), which binds to DNA, proteins, and critical macromolecules within cells exerting a carcinogenic effect (Gross‐Steinmeyer & Eaton, 2012), and that effect could be blocked by curcumin (Limaye et al., 2018). LPO induced by the AFB1 leads to alteration of the membrane structure and enzyme activity, as a result of oxidizing the AFB1 into AF‐8‐9‐epoxide, a highly toxic reactive intermediate, by CYP450 (Niki, Yoshida, Saito, & Noguchi, 2005).…”

Prophylactic impact of nano-selenium on performance, carcasses quality, and tissues' selenium concentration using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography during microbial challenge in broiler chickens

“…[ 42 ] and Limaye et al . [ 43 ]. Kieliszek and Błażejak [ 44 ] stated the importance of Se as micronutrients, as it helps in the protection from hydrogen peroxide, detoxification of heavy metals, enhancement of production and performance, and improvement of the immune system.…”