Protective and risk factors in health-enhancing behavior among adolescents in china and the United States: Does social context matter?

Abstract

An explanatory model of adolescent health-enhancing behavior based on protective and risk factors at the individual level and in 4 social contexts was used in a study of school-based samples from the People's Republic of China (n = 1,739) and the United States (n = 1,596). A substantial account of variation in health-enhancing behavior--and of its developmental change over time--was provided by the model for boys and girls, and for the 3 grade cohorts, in both samples. In both samples, social context protective and risk factors accounted for more unique variance than did individual-level protective and risk factors, and context protection moderated both contextual and individual-level risk. Models protection and controls protection were of particular importance in the explanatory account.

The Association of Religiosity, Sexual Education, and Parental Factors with Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults

“…Reference group theory (Lefkowitz et al 2004;Thornton and Camburn 1989) and the protection-risk model (Jessor et al 2003;Turbin et al 2006) guided this research. As applied to this study, reference group theory suggests that young people will reference the accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page.…”

“…Protective factors are protective because they provide models of health-enhancing behaviors, have sanctions against healthcompromising behaviors, and foster a supportive social environment. Even when exposed to risk, high protective factors attenuate that exposure, thereby lessening the impact from risk (Turbin et al 2006). In this study, religiosity, formal and parental sexuality education, and two-parent families were hypothesized to be protective against risky sexual behaviors.…”

“…Within the protection-risk model, the presence of protective factors increases the likelihood that youths will engage in health-promoting behaviors and avoid those that are health-compromising (Turbin et al 2006). Protective factors are protective because they provide models of health-enhancing behaviors, have sanctions against healthcompromising behaviors, and foster a supportive social environment.…”

Integrative Literature Review of Adolescent Risk and Health Compromising Behaviors Guided by the Problem Behavior Theory

“…The model accounted for 45% of the variance in one sample and 41% of the variance in the other sample. A moderating effect of protective factors on risk factors was identified, suggesting that protective factors play two roles: promoting health-enhancing behaviors and buffering risk factors (Turbin, et al, 2006).…”

Effectiveness of "Psychosocial Strengthening Program" on Risk and Protective Factors of Drug Use and Increasing of Psychological Health among High Risk Adolescents

“…The risk factors are those witch increase the drug abuse possibility in contrast the protective factors are those witch nullify the risk factors effects and therefore decrease the possibility of drug use (Turbin et al, 2006). The investigation in individual risk factors field show the people with low social and self-effectiveness (Mirmehdi & Karimi, 2012), activation and sensation seeking high degrees (Schlauch et al, 2012), the positive attitude toward drug us and weak self-concept (Mohammadkhani, 2007) are more high risk by drug use.…”