Protective Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Rat Sciatic Nerve Ischemia Reperfusion Damage

Abstract

Background: Alpha lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant that plays numerous roles in human health. This study examined the effect of ALA on rat sciatic nerve ischemia reperfusion damage. Aims: Protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on sciatic nerve following ischemia-reperfusion in rats was investigated by using light microscopy and biochemical methods. Provided that the protective effect of ALA on sciatic nerve is proven, we think the damage to the sciatic nerve that has already occurred or might occur in patients for various reasons maybe prevented or stopped by giving ALA in convenient doses. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 grams) were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into six groups including one control (Group 1), one sham (Group 2), two ischemia-reperfusion (Groups 3 and 4) and two treatment groups (Groups5 and 6). Doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg ALA were given (Group 5 and 6) intra peritoneally twice, 1 and 24 hours before the ischemia to each treatment group. Ischemia was carried out the abdominal aorta starting from the distal part of the renal vein for two hours followed by reperfusion for three hours. In immunohistochemical methods, fibronectin immunoreactivity was analyzed. For biochemical analyses, the tissues were taken in eppendorf microtubes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) enzyme activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitricoxide (NO) levels were measured. Results: Fibronectin was observed to have increased significantly in the ischemia group; on the other hand, it was observed to have decreased in parallel to the doses in the ALA groups. Biochemical studies showed that SOD and GSHPx declined with ischemia-reperfusion, but the activities of these enzymes were increased in the treatment groups in parallel with the dose. It was found that increased MDA levels with ischemia-reperfusion were decreased in parallel with ALA dose. There were no statistically significant changes in NO. Conclusion: Increased fibronectin observed after ischemia/reperfusion of rat sciatic nerve is reduced after the administration of ALA. This indicates that the function of fibronectin, to reconnect cut nerve segments and regenerate nerves, is more prominent than its function in tissue healing after ischemia. ALA administered before ischemia decreases MDA and increases SOD and GSHPx. We think that ALA may protect against the pathological changes in ischemic nerve and may be used to devise more efficient treatments. Keywords: Alpha lipoic acid, ischemia-reperfusion, sciatic nerve, rat

Neuroprotective effects of α-lipoic acid against hypoxic– ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats

“…In addition, Skibska and Goraca [8], reported that thioredoxin (Trx), a redox signaling molecule similar to HO-1 and Nrf2, which are highly regulated during oxidative stress (hypoxia), is upregulated in ALA-treated rats and indirectly activates antioxidant expression. Our results are also in agreement with those of Turamanlar and colleagues [27], who reported that in rats with sciatic nerve ischemic injury the elevated MDA, SOD, GSH peroxidase, and GSH levels revert to normal in response to ALA. Oxidative stress and inflammation are interlinked responses. The levels of nuclear factor NF-p65 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were greatly augmented in the HI group.…”

Protection from spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion damage with alpha-lipoic acid preconditioning in an animal model

“…Similar experimental studies based on oxidative stress models also demonstrated decreased SOD level with ALA treatment. [34,35] Turamanlar et al [31] also constituted ischemia-reperfusion damage on rat sciatic nerve and showed increased levels of GPx with addition of ALA in treatment group. Consistent with the literature, our study validated that levels of all above mentioned antioxidant enzymes decreased with ischemia-reperfusion and significantly increased with preconditioning with ALA in the treatment group, with the exception of GPx levels, in which the increase was not statistically significant.…”

“…As activity and level of CAT enzymes are low in the brain tissue, GPx is the prior enzyme that detoxificates hydrogen peroxide in the neural tissue. [31,32] Senoglu et al [33] showed in their study that the decline in the tissue SOD activity after sciatic nerve damage was reversed with ALA treatment. Similar experimental studies based on oxidative stress models also demonstrated decreased SOD level with ALA treatment.…”

Protective Effect and Mechanism of α-Lipoic Acid on Partial Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats

“…NO is produced by iNOS and can lead to HIR injury. These data revealed that LA reduced the formation of excess NO generated by reperfusion through the decrease in iNOS mRNA expression, and reduced cell damage caused by NOS superoxide and peroxynitrite anion formed by NO (Turamanlar et al 2015, Patrick 2006.…”

“…MIP-2 is a potent neutrophil chemokine, which is a member of the chemokines C-X-C families (Xue et al 2011, Tao et al 2014. MIP-2 is an important chemokine, has a dual role in the body: on the one hand, the specificity of chemotaxis of neutrophils to tissue inflammation, strengthen the clearance of neutrophils to pathogens, Vol.…”