Protective effect of Ecklonia cava on UVB-induced oxidative stress: in vitro and in vivo zebrafish model

Abstract

Chronic exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in the induction of skin aging. In this study, potential protective effect of extracts of six species of brown seaweeds on UVB radiation-induced cell damage was assessed via cell viability in HaCaT cells. The Ecklonia cava extract showed a profound protective effect against UVB radiation-induced cell damage, compared to that exhibited by other brown seaweed extracts. Thus, E. cava was selected for use in further experiments and was extracted with different solvents. The protection effect was evaluated via DCFH-DA, MTT, and morphological changes in HaCaT cells. Profound protective effect against UVB radiation-induced cell damage was detected in the 100% methanol extract. Partitioning of the 100% methanol extract with different organic solvents revealed a pronounced protective effect in the ethyl acetate fraction. The isolated active compounds were phlorotannins, especially dieckol, as identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Among the phlorotannins, dieckol showed a higher protective effect on UVB-induced cell damage in HaCaT cells than the other phlorotannins. Therefore, UVB protection of dieckol was evaluated via DCFH-DA, DAF-FM DA, acridine orange, and morphological changes in zebrafish model. Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and cell death in live zebrafish induced by UVB radiation were reduced by the addition of dieckol. These results indicated that dieckol has potential protective effects on UVB-induced skin damage, which might be useful in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.

Protective effect of gallic acid derivatives from the freshwater green alga Spirogyra sp. against ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species clearance in human keratinocytes and zebrafish

“…Embryos were collected in 12-well plates (10 embryos per well) containing 2 mL embryo medium, and subjected to SPEE with a final concentration of 25, 50, and 100 μg mL -1 for 1 h. The embryos were then washed with fresh media and exposed to 50 mJ cm -2 UVB per individual (Heo et al 2009). The exposed embryos to UVB were transferred into a 24-well plate and labeled with DCFH-DA (400 μg mL -1 ) for 1 h. The embryos were washed twice with fresh media and anesthetized using phenoxyethanol prior to visualization (Ko et al 2011). The anesthetized embryos were photographed under a microscope equipped with Cool SNAP-Pro color digital camera (Olympus).…”

“…short life span, comparatively small size, and similarity to mammals (Ko et al 2011). Zebrafish have previously been used in several studies as an in vivo model for UV protective research (Dong et al 2007, Ko et al 2011, Yang et al 2012). Hence, we selected zebrafish as an in vivo model to investigate the UVB protective effect of Spirogyra sp.…”

Biological activities and potential cosmeceutical applications of bioactive components from brown seaweeds: a review

“…Dieckol, isolated from a brown alga E. cava exhibited prominent protective effect against photo-oxidative stress induced by UV-B radiation Ko et al 2010). Dieckol, phenolic moiety, is a kind of phlorotannin which consists of six phloroglucinol units (hexamer) and functional hydroxyl groups.…”

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated antihypertensive effect of octaphlorethol A isolated from Ishige sinicola: In vitro molecular mechanism and in vivo SHR model

“…Among these marine bioresources, brown algae are known to provide an abundance of bioactive materials with valuable pharmaceutical and biomedical potential (Ko, Cha, Heo, Lee, & Jeon, 2011). Wijesinghe, Ko, and Jeon (2011) reported that phlorotannins isolated from the brown alga, Ecklonia cava, have potential to regulate blood pressure because of their ACE inhibitory activity.…”