Protective effect of edaravone, a free‐radical scavenger, on ischaemia‐reperfusion injury in the rat testis

Abstract

time simultaneously with a laser Doppler flowmeter and an NO-selective electrode, respectively. After death the tissue levels of NO 2 -NO 3 (a marker of NO production), malondialdehyde (a marker of lipid peroxidation), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (a marker of oxidative DNA damage), myeloperoxidase (a marker of neutrophil infiltration), and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP 70) and its mRNA were measured. The testicular tissue was also analysed histologically. RESULTSClamping the testicular artery resulted in a decrease of blood flow to 0-5% of the basal level measured before clamping. NO release was increased during clamping and gradually recovered to the basal level on removing the clip. Interestingly, the peak of NO release in rats of the no-drug group occurred at the start of reperfusion, while that in the high-dose drug group occurred several minutes later. The levels of NO 2 -NO 3 , malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, myeloperoxidase and HSP 70 and its mRNA, and histological variables, were significantly greater in the no-drug I-R group than in the control, and these variables were ameliorated by treatment with edaravone. CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that edaravone reduces the oxidative stress and prevents the testicular damage induced by I-R.

The effects of carvedilol on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis

“…oxidase, which is a superoxide generator enzyme (2,7,8,17,18). Additionally, ischemic state stimulates the chemotactic factors and leads to migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the ischemic region, which also generates superoxide radicals after reperfusion (17,18).…”

“…Additionally, ischemic state stimulates the chemotactic factors and leads to migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the ischemic region, which also generates superoxide radicals after reperfusion (17,18). Restoration of the blood flow reverses this ischemic state but paradoxically the harmful insult to the tissue increases.…”

“…In this context, to date various drugs and chemicals have been used to protect testes against I/R injury, such as N-acetyl cysteine, zofenopril, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), erdosteine, L-carnitine, melatonin, edaravone, dopamine, vit C, trimetazidine and Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) (2,4,5,7,8,17,(23)(24)(25). As a non--selective β 1, β 2 and α 1 -blocker agent, the mechanisms of antioxidant action of CVD has not been fully understood, but the greatest antioxidant activity has been attributed to its main metabolites, which are the hydroxylated compounds SB 211475, BM 910228 and SB 209995 (26).…”

Beyond neurological disease: New targets for edaravone (Review)

“…Testicular torsion is a common urological emergency among infants and adolescents (85). Acute testicular torsion caused by twisting of the spermatic cord and its subsequent release resembles acute I/R injury.…”

Medical perspective in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury

“…It causes testicular injury, which potentially leads to the development of male subfertility when misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated (2). The turning of the spermatic cord and spermatic structures around themselves results in biochemical and histological changes and ultimately, the development of testicular dysfunction (3). Due to testicular torsion, blood flow to the testicular tissues is interrupted and this interruption leads to ischemia during which energy rich phosphates (ATP) are depleted and levels of their degradation products, such as hypoxanthine, rise (4,5).…”