Protective Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Cognitive Impairment Induced by d-Galactose in Mice

Abstract

Memory decline is characteristic of aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) against cognitive impairment induced by D-galactose (D-gal) in mice. D-gal was intraperitoneally injected into mice daily for 8 weeks to establish the aging model. HBO was simultaneously administered once daily. The results indicate that HBO significantly reversed D-gal-induced learning and memory impairments. Studies on the potential mechanisms of this action showed that HBO significantly reduced oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels, as well as the total anti-oxidation capability, while decreasing the content of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampal CA1 region. HBO also inhibited advanced glycation end-product formation and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Moreover, HBO significantly attenuated D-gal-induced pathological injury in the hippocampus, as well as β-amyloid protein expression and retained BDNF expression. Furthermore, HBO decreased p16, p21 and p53 gene and protein expression in the hippocampus of D-gal-treated mice. In conclusion, the protective effect of HBO against D-gal-induced cognitive impairment was mainly due to its ability to reduce oxidative damage, suppress inflammatory responses, and regulate aging-related gene expression.

Anti-Ageing Effect of Physalis alkekengi Ethyl Acetate Layer on a d-galactose-Induced Mouse Model through the Reduction of Cellular Senescence and Oxidative Stress

“…The rate of binucleated hepatocytes increased with ageing [31]. D-Gal apparently increased the binuclear rate of the liver [32] but decreased the white-pulp proportion of spleen [33] and the surviving neurons of the hippocampus [34] in the previous studies. D-Gal-induced mimetic ageing is associated with an increase in oxidative stress [27,28].…”

“…Oxidative stress promoted cellular senescence [35]. A large number of studies have used the D-gal-induced ageing model for screening of anti-ageing compounds [26][27][28][29][32][33][34]. In our study, the D-gal-induced ageing model was well-established…”

Ameliorative effect of urolithin A ond-gal-induced liver and kidney damage in aging miceviaits antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties

“…For histomorphological examinations, all samples were xed in 4% formaldehyde buffer followed by embedding in paraffin and slicing longitudinally, with 5 mm-thick sections obtained for hematoxylin-eosin staining for histomorphological analysis. 4,5 Furthermore, liver and kidney histopathological score was performed. Briey, the degree of necrosis in liver was expressed as the mean of twelve different elds within each classied on a scale of 0-3 (normal-0, mid-1, moderate-2, severe-3).…”

“…The free radical theory of aging posits that oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation-induced cell and tissue damage play a critical role in the pathological process of aging. 4 Plenty of evidence has demonstrated that oxygen free radicals, which are generated during metabolism and energy production in the body, are closely related to the regulation of signal transduction and gene expression as well as redox homeostasis. 5 However, high levels of ROS can cause the peroxidation of membrane lipids, and damage to DNA, proteins and phospholipids, eventually resulting in cellular injury, apoptosis and inammation.…”

Neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on neuronal death induced by sciatic nerve transection in rat

“…Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, treatment providing 100% oxygen at a pressure greater than that at sea level, can be considered as one of these methods. In this regard, studies documented that HBO have neuroprotective effects against traumatic brain and spinal cord injury [ 11 , 12 ], ischemic brain and spinal cord injury [ 13 , 14 ], neurodegenerative disorders [ 15 , 16 ], oxidative damage in neuronal culture [ 17 ], and neuropathic pain [ 18 ]. Recently, HBO has been demonstrated to improve nerve regeneration [ 19 , 20 ] following peripheral nerve injury.…”