Protective Effect of Melatonin Administration against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

Molina-Carballo, Antonio; Palacios-López, Rafael; Jeréz-Calero, Antonio; Augustín-Morales, María Carmen; Agil, Ahmad; Muñóz-Hoyos, Antonio; Muñoz-Gallego, Antonio

doi:10.3390/cimb44010003

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Currently, there is an ongoing scientific discussion regarding the use of melatonin for COVID-19. With its ability to impact mechanisms that modify immune regulation, melatonin has been included as one of the top recommendations as a preventive and therapeutic option for COVID-19, along with zinc, selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin D [ 172 , 173 ]. Although scientific evidence is not definitive, there are some initial indications that melatonin could be beneficial and is also considered to be safe [ 173 , 174 ].…”

Section: Clinical Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Minich

Henning²,

Darley

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as a chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. Research over the last decade into cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, fertility, PCOS, and many other conditions, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to greater awareness of melatonin because of its ability to act as a potent antioxidant, immune-active agent, and mitochondrial regulator. There are distinct similarities between melatonin and vitamin D in the depth and breadth of their impact on health. Both act as hormones, affect multiple systems through their immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory functions, are found in the skin, and are responsive to sunlight and darkness. In fact, there may be similarities between the widespread concern about vitamin D deficiency as a “sunlight deficiency” and reduced melatonin secretion as a result of “darkness deficiency” from overexposure to artificial blue light. The trend toward greater use of melatonin supplements has resulted in concern about its safety, especially higher doses, long-term use, and application in certain populations (e.g., children). This review aims to evaluate the recent data on melatonin’s mechanisms, its clinical uses beyond sleep, safety concerns, and a thorough summary of therapeutic considerations concerning dietary supplementation, including the different formats available (animal, synthetic, and phytomelatonin), dosing, timing, contraindications, and nutrient combinations.

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Section: Clinical Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Minich

Henning²,

Darley

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…There are many advanced clustering methods proposed by others recently which can enhance the performance of Kmeans and GMM [38]. This type of work can be considered another significant direction toward future work [40,41].…”

Section: Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsupervised Deep learning-based Feature Fusion Approach for Detection and Analysis of COVID-19 using X-ray and CT Images

Ravi¹,

Pham²

2022

TOBIOIJ

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Aims: This study investigates an unsupervised deep learning-based feature fusion approach for the detection and analysis of COVID-19 using chest X-ray (CXR) and Computed tomography (CT) images. Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has affected millions of people all around the world and the disease is diagnosed by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test which suffers from a lower viral load, and sampling error, etc. Computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) scans can be examined as most infected people suffer from lungs infection. Both CT and CXR imaging techniques are useful for the COVID-19 diagnosis at an early stage and it is an alternative to the RT-PCR test. Objective: The manual diagnosis of CT scans and CXR images are labour-intensive and consumes a lot of time. To handle this situation, many AI-based solutions are researched including deep learning-based detection models, which can be used to help the radiologist to make a better diagnosis. However, the availability of annotated data for COVID-19 detection is limited due to the need for domain expertise and expensive annotation cost. Also, most existing state-of-the-art deep learning-based detection models follow a supervised learning approach. Therefore, in this work, we have explored various unsupervised learning models for COVID-19 detection which does not need a labelled dataset. Methods: In this work, we propose an unsupervised deep learning-based COVID-19 detection approach that incorporates the feature fusion method for performance enhancement. Four different sets of experiments are run on both CT and CXR scan datasets where convolutional autoencoders, pre-trained CNNs, hybrid, and PCA-based models are used for feature extraction and K-means and GMM techniques are used for clustering. Results: The maximum accuracy of 84% is achieved by the model Autoencoder3-ResNet50 (GMM) on the CT dataset and for the CXR dataset, both Autoencoder1-VGG16 (KMeans and GMM) models achieved 70% accuracy. Conclusion: Our proposed deep unsupervised learning, feature fusion-based COVID-19 detection approach achieved promising results on both datasets. It also outperforms four well-known existing unsupervised approaches.

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“…In addition, when melatonin is used with other drugs in the treatment of COVID-19, it enhances the effects of other drugs and reduces the potential for their side effects [ 58 ]. Melatonin has been shown to be safe for short-term use, even at high doses [ 59 ].…”

Section: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Melatonin In Cy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and REGN-CoV2 combination as a vaccine adjuvant for Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2022

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The omicron variant (B.529) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in late 2021, caused panic worldwide due to its contagiousness and multiple mutations in the spike protein compared to the Delta variant (B.617.2). There is currently no specific antiviral available to treat Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, studies on neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) developed to fight COVID-19 are growing and gaining traction. REGN-COV2 (Regeneron or imdevimab-casirivimab combination), which has been shown in recent studies to be less affected by Omicron's RBD (receptor binding domain) mutations among other mAb cocktails, plays an important role in adjuvant therapy against COVID-19. On the other hand, it is known that melatonin, which has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, can prevent a possible cytokine storm, and other severe symptoms that may develop in the event of viral invasion. Along with all these findings, we believe it is crucial to evaluate the use of melatonin with REGN-COV2, a cocktail of mAbs, as an adjuvant in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19, particularly in immunocompromised and elderly patients.

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Protective Effect of Melatonin Administration against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Unsupervised Deep learning-based Feature Fusion Approach for Detection and Analysis of COVID-19 using X-ray and CT Images

Melatonin and REGN-CoV2 combination as a vaccine adjuvant for Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2

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