Protective effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 in BALB/c mice infected with Toxocara canis

Cadore, Priscila Silva; Walcher, Débora Liliane; Sousa, Nicholas Frota Gonçalves Correia de; Martins, Lourdes Helena Rodrigues; Hora, Vanusa Pousada da; Groll, Andréa von; Moura, Micaele Quintana de; Berne, Maria Elisabeth Aires; Ávila, Luciana Farias da Costa de; Scaini, Carlos James

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946202163009

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…However, the suppression found in previous studies was not observed in the two groups evaluated here (G2 and G3), which kept the transcription of this interleukin at baseline levels. A similar result was observed in another study, in which IFN-γ was maintained at baseline during T. canis infection (Cadore et al, 2021), in that study IL-12 was not evaluated, but considering that IFN-γ production by natural killer cells is stimulated by IL-12 (Airoldi et al, 2002), probably both were at baseline levels.…”

Section: Treatment With Csa Increases the Recovery Of T Canis Larvaesupporting

confidence: 78%

Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice

et al. 2022

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Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. The connection between parasitic diseases and conditions that depress the immune system, such as the use of immunosuppressive drugs, has been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cyclosporine A (CsA) on the intensity of infection, humoral response and gene transcription of interleukins IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 in mice experimentally infected with Toxocara canis. To this end, mice were divided into two groups treated with CsA (G1: 10 mg/Kg and G2: 50 mg/kg), the G3 and G4 group received PBS. After the last administration of the drug or PBS (orally every 48 hours for 15 days), groups G1, G2 and G3 were inoculated with 1200 eggs of T. canis. Was collected blood samples on days zero, 15 and 30 days post-inoculation (PI), for ELISA test and the mice were euthanized 30 days PI. The organs and striated muscle tissue were collected for the recovery of larvae. The splenocytes were analyzed by RT-PCR. The intensity of infection in the mice treated with 50 mg/kg of CsA was 65.5% higher than in the control group (p=0.001). An analysis of the kinetics of anti-Toxocara antibody revealed that the groups treated with CsA showed significantly higher mean levels of antibodies on day 15 PI. The transcription of the three tested interleukins showed no statistical difference between G2 and G3 (control). It was concluded that the immunosuppression triggered by CsA (50 mg/Kg) favored the establishment of a larger number of T. canis larvae without, however, altering immunoglobulin production and IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 transcription on day 30 PI.

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Section: Treatment With Csa Increases the Recovery Of T Canis Larvaesupporting

confidence: 78%

Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice

et al. 2022

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“…(52% reduction for L. rhamnosus and 58% for L. acidophilus). As previously found for S. boulardii, L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus displayed their effects in vivo but did not exert a direct effect on the parasite in vitro, demonstrating once more that the interaction between the host and these bacteria is of paramount importance for the protective effects (de Avila et al, 2012;Walcher et al, 2018;Cadore et al, 2021).…”

Section: Toxocara Sppsupporting

confidence: 68%

Searching for the one(s): Using Probiotics as Anthelmintic Treatments

Saracino¹,

Vila²,

Baldi³

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Helminths are a major health concern as over one billion people are infected worldwide and, despite the multiple efforts made, there is still no effective human vaccine against them. The most important drugs used nowadays to control helminth infections belong to the benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles (levamisole) and macrocyclic lactones (avermectins and milbemycins) families. However, in the last 20 years, many publications have revealed increasing anthelmintic resistance in livestock which is both an economical and a potential health problem, even though very few have reported similar findings in human populations. To deal with this worrying limitation of anthelmintic drugs, alternative treatments based on plant extracts or probiotics have been developed. Probiotics are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as live microorganisms, which, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. It has been proven that probiotic microbes have the ability to exert an immunomodulatory effect both at the mucosa and the systemic level. The immune response against gastrointestinal helminths is characterized as a type 2 response, with high IgE levels, increased numbers and/or activity of Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and alternatively activated macrophages. The oral administration of probiotics may contribute to controlling gastrointestinal helminth infections since it has been demonstrated that these microorganisms stimulate dendritic cells to elicit a type 2 or regulatory immune response, among other effects on the host immune system. Here we review the current knowledge about the use of probiotic bacteria as anthelmintic therapy or as a complement to traditional anthelmintic treatments. Considering all research papers reviewed, we may conclude that the effect generated by probiotics on helminth infection depends not only on the parasite species, their stage and localization but also on the administration scheme.

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“…Whereas the antibacterial and antifungal activity [33,34] of L. acidophilus has been well illustrated, the antiparasitic properties of L. acidophilus has been less studied. L. acidophilus in combination with other probiotics is beneficial in the prevention and treatment of Giardia lamblia infection in mice [35], Toxocara canis [36], Trichinella spiralis [37] and Cryptosporidium parvum [38]. In a recent work, we have demonstrated that L. acidophilus is detrimental to E. histolytica but the amebicide mechanism was unknown [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into the Mechanisms of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em> Activity Against <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> by Using Thiol-Redox-Proteomics

Sarid¹,

Zanditenas²,

Ye³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Amoebiasis is an intestinal disease transmitted by the protist parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, following the ingestion of contaminated food and water. In the colon, E. histolytica can phagocytose bacteria that are the main components of the microbial flora. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic but for unknown reasons, the parasite can become virulent and invasive, causes amebic dysentery, and migrates to the liver, where they cause hepatocellular damage. For the last few decades, it has become evident that E. histolytica virulence is directly linked to its interaction with the gut microbiota. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a common inhabitant of healthy human gut and a probiotic that present antimicrobial activity against many pathogenic bacteria, fungi and parasites. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms behind the innate amebicide activity of L.acidophilus. We found that this activity is mediated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by L. acidophilus. Redox proteomics shows that L. acidophilus triggers the oxidation of many essential amebic enzymes like pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, the lectin Gal/GalNAc and cysteine proteases (CPs). Further, trophozoites of E.histolytica cultivated with L.acidophilus show reduced binding to mammalian cells. These results support L.acidophilus as a prophylactic candidate against amoebiasis.

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Protective effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 in BALB/c mice infected with Toxocara canis

Abstract: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice

Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice

Searching for the one(s): Using Probiotics as Anthelmintic Treatments

Insights Into the Mechanisms of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em> Activity Against <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> by Using Thiol-Redox-Proteomics

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