Protective Effect of Vitis labrusca Leaves Extract on Cardiovascular Dysfunction through HMGB1-TLR4-NFκB Signaling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

The Vitis labrusca is a grapevine that has antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic activity. However, the effect of Vitis labrusca leaves on the cardiovascular system is yet to be ascertained. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Vitis labrusca leaves extract (HP1) on cardiovascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Experiments were performed in rats and were randomly divided into the following groups: Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY), normal control group; spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), negative control group; SHR + Losa, positive control group (losartan, 10 mg/kg/daily, AT1 receptor blocker) and SHR + HP1 (100 mg/kg/daily). HP1 was orally administered daily for 4 weeks. The HP1 treatment significantly improved blood pressure, electrocardiographic parameters, and echocardiogram parameters compared to hypertensive rats. Additionally, the left ventricular (LV) remodeling and LV dysfunction were significantly improved in HP1-treated hypertensive rats. Furthermore, an increase in fibrotic area has been observed in hypertensive rats compared with WKY. However, administration of HP1 significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis in hypertensive rats. Moreover, HP1 suppressed the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) induced by hypertensive rats, resulting in improved vascular remodeling. Therefore, these results suggest that HP1 can improve the cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive rats, and the mechanisms may be related to the suppressive effect of HP1 on HMGB1-TLR4-NFκB signaling in the cardiovascular system. Thus, the protective role of the traditional herbal medicine HP1 may provide new insights into the development of therapeutic drugs on the development of hypertensive cardiovascular dysfunction.

Antiviral Activity of Vitis vinifera Leaf Extract against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1

“…Very recently, we characterized the phenolic constituents, antioxidant, antibacterial, and, mainly, the antiherpetic activity of grape cane extracts derived from typical cultivars of Southern Italy [11], i.e., Greco, Aglianico, and Fiano. We prepared various extracts in a range of different pHs (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), demonstrating that the extraction at pH 13.00 was the optimal condition, since the phenolic yield was the highest. We described the presence of 75 compounds with different abundance profiles at various pHs and, interestingly, six of them were identified for the first time in grape canes.…”

“…Grapevine is a plant rich in bioactive compounds [ 5 , 6 ], known for its therapeutic effects. The grape extract was studied for a long time for its hepatoprotective [ 7 ], hypoglycemic [ 8 ], cardio-protective [ 9 ], antioxidant [ 10 , 11 ], antibacterial [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], and antiviral activity [ 11 , 14 ] which are due to the high levels of polyphenolic compounds found in grapes skin, seeds, and stem. The anti-cancer effect, that has long been studied over the years, is attributable to the consistent antioxidant activity of these molecules [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Dietary Bioactives: Their Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Bone Diseases

“…In this context, the Special Issue (SI) "Dietary Bioactives: Their Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Bone Diseases" has published nine novel papers on this topic [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In detail, the SI includes: one narrative review paper, one crosssectional analysis, three pre-clinical animal studies, three in vitro experimental approaches and one ex vivo approach.…”

“…Using an animal model of ovariectomized-induced osteoporotic mice, the authors identified scopolin as the candidate bioactive compound extracted from Lycii radicis cortex capable of preventing and treating osteoporosis [13]. Finally, in the bone health field, the In this context, the Special Issue (SI) "Dietary Bioactives: Their Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Bone Diseases" has published nine novel papers on this topic [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In detail, the SI includes: one narrative review paper, one crosssectional analysis, three pre-clinical animal studies, three in vitro experimental approaches and one ex vivo approach.…”

“…Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties were also shown by the Allium sativum extract in an ex vivo study on mouse heart samples exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide inflammatory stimulus [9]. Additionally, the two pre-clinical animal studies highlighted-(i) the capability of Sasa quelpaertensis to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction conditions including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation, induce in rats by a high-fructose-diet [12] and (ii) the protective effects of Vitis labrusca on cardiovascular dysfunction due to hypertensive conditions-employed the model of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats [14].…”