Protective effect of wheat germ agglutinin on the course of mitosis in the roots of Triticum aestivum seedlings exposed to cadmium

Abstract

Effect of pretreatment with 28 nM wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) on cell divisions in the root apical meristem of 4-day-old seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), distribution of cells among mitotic phases, cadmium-induced disruptions of normal progression through mitosis, and activity of nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) of the chromosomes was studied after 7-h-long exposure to 1 mM cadmium acetate. Pretreatment with WGA has a pronounced protective effect on divisions of root meristem cells exposed to cadmium. Progression of the cells through mitotic phases was normalized, abnormal mitoses became much less numerous, and the share of binuclear cells decreased. Activity of NOR remained at the control level that much depended on the ability of WGA to prevent reduction in cytokinin content under cadmium stress.

Salicylic acid triggers adaptation cadmium cytogenetic toxicity in roots of Nigella sativa L.

“…This effect a time and a dose dependent. Similar effects of cadmium on the MI were reported in different plants such as in Lactuca sativa, Eruca sativa and Coriaudrum sativum (El-Ghamery et al, 2001), Phaseolus vulgaris (Çavusoğlu et al, 2009), in Lens culinaris (Kiran & Şahin, 2006), Pisum sativum (Fusconi et al, 2007), Triticum aestivum ( Bezrukova et al, 2016), Capsicum annuum (Aslam et al, 2014), Vigna radiatae (Munee et al, 2011), Vigna unguiculata (Thangaraja et al, 2013) Vicia faba (Li & Zheng, 1992;George, 2000;ElAshry et al, 2012 andArya &Mukherjea 2014), in Allium cepa (Zou et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014and Nataliya, 2015 and Hordeum vulgare (Shi et al, 2017). The decline of MI suggested that the Cd could prevent cells from going into cell division (Unyayar et al, 2006).…”

“…Different types of mitotic abnormalities were observed in Nigella sativa L root tip cells after treatments with CdCl 2 . The variation in the percentages of chromosomal aberration in this study was recorded and the total abnormalities previously rapidly by increasing the concentration (El-Ashry et al, 2012;Zou et al, 2012;Thangaraja et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014 andAslam et al, 2014;Nataliya, 2015;Bezrukova et al, 2016 andShi et al, 2017). In Nigella sativa L these types were: Irregular prophase, stickiness at different phases, disturbed metaphase, C-metaphase, bridges, forward chromosome and lagging in addition to other types recorded in low frequency in some treatments such as bi-nucleated cells and micronucleus.…”

“…Of these types of aberrations, stickiness, as a most frequent type, was recorded in the different mitotic phases in root tip cells of tested plant treated with CdCl 2 . This type of abnormality was recorded by many investigators following the treatment of different plants by cadmium (Zou et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014 andAslam et al, 2014 andBezrukova et al, 2016).…”

“…In this respect, Bezrukova et al (2016) reported that, decrease in cells at anatelophase reflecting a reduction in MI and cadmium induces cell cycle checkpoints defects in the tested plant root tip cells. Wang et al (2014 and, Nataliya (2015), Bezrukova et al (2016) and Shi et al (2017). They demonstrated the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic of cadmium in their tested plants meristematic cells exposed to different concentrations of cadmium.…”

“…Cd induces clastogenic and genotoxic disturbance in plants (Seoane & Dulout, 2001) and inhibits root growth and cell division in different plants (Fojtova & Kovarik, 2000). The possible pathways of Cd-induced genotoxicity may involve the interaction of the metal with DNA and damage the DNA, either directly or indirectly (Valverde et al, 2001 andBezrukova et al, 2016). At physiological level, Cd directly or indirectly induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) which affects the redox status of the cell and causes oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and other biomolecules (Stohs et al, 2000 andSchützendübel et al, 2001).…”