Protective Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on Photosynthetic Performance of Sorghum bicolor L. under Salt Stress

Stefanov, Martin; Rashkov, Georgi D.; Yotsova, Ekaterina; Borisova, Preslava; Dobrikova, Anelia G.; Аpostolova, Emilia

doi:10.3390/plants12040832

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…This increase in the photochemical quenching (qP) was observed to a smaller extent in maize than in sorghum ( Figure 3 ). The influence of SNP on the open PSII centers, alongside the increase in their efficiency, could also be a reason for the influence on the stress tolerance of the plants after exogenous treatment with SNP, a donor of NO [ 12 ]. At the same time, values for the rate constants ( k 1 and k 2 ) of the decay of flash-induced variable fluorescence in both studied plant species were influenced in different ways ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The endogenous production of NO takes place in different organelles like peroxisomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts [ 1 , 3 , 11 ]. Recent studies have shown that the endogenous content of NO in plants under physiological conditions is variety-specific [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A considerable number of studies are related to the action of NO, in conditions of abiotic stress, of regulating the oxidative responses by enhancing the content of antioxidant enzymes and thus increasing abiotic stress tolerance in plants [ 1 , 12 , 25 ]. Since the effectiveness of NO donors is concentration-dependent [ 7 , 23 , 26 ] and can vary depending on plant species [ 12 , 27 ], more studies are needed to develop strategies for optimizing the application of NO donors in different forms of crop production under normal and stressful conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Sodium Nitroprusside on the Photosynthetic Performance of Maize and Sorghum

Rashkov,

Stefanov,

Yotsova

et al. 2023

Plants

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule in regulating plant growth, development and photosynthetic performance. This study investigates the impact of varying concentrations (0–300 µM) of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO) on the functions of the photosynthetic apparatus in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Albanus) and maize (Zea mays L. Kerala) under physiological conditions. Analysis of the chlorophyll fluorescence signals (using PAM and the JIP-test) revealed an increased amount of open PSII reaction centers (qP increased), but it did not affect the number of active reaction centers per PSII antenna chlorophyll (RC/ABS). In addition, the smaller SNP concentrations (up to 150 μM) alleviated the interaction of QA with plastoquine in maize, while at 300 μM it predominates the electron recombination on QAQB−, with the oxidized S2 (or S3) states of oxygen evolving in complex ways in both studied plant species. At the same time, SNP application stimulated the electron flux-reducing end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side per reaction center (REo/RC increased up to 26%) and the probability of their reduction (φRo increased up to 20%). An increase in MDA (by about 30%) and H2O2 contents was registered only at the highest SNP concentration (300 µM). At this concentration, SNP differentially affected the amount of P700+ in studied plant species, i.e., it increased (by 10%) in maize but decreased (by 16%) in sorghum. The effects of SNP on the functions of the photosynthetic apparatus were accompanied by an increase in carotenoid content in both studied plants. Additionally, data revealed that SNP-induced changes in the photosynthetic apparatus differed between maize and sorghum, suggesting species specificity for SNP’s impact on plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Sodium Nitroprusside on the Photosynthetic Performance of Maize and Sorghum

Rashkov,

Stefanov,

Yotsova

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…The amount of the pigments in leaves were determined as described in [74]. The amounts of Chl a, Chl b, and Car were measured using a Specord 210 PLUS spectrophotometer (Edition 2010, Analytik-Jena AG, Jena, Germany), and the pigment content was calculated using Lichtenthaler's equations [73].…”

Section: Pigment Content In Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Photosystem II Complex and Physiological Activities in Pea and Maize Plants in Response to Salt Stress

Stefanov,

Rashkov,

Borisova

et al. 2024

Plants

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Salt stress significantly impacts the functions of the photosynthetic apparatus, with varying degrees of damage to its components. Photosystem II (PSII) is more sensitive to environmental stresses, including salinity, than photosystem I (PSI). This study investigated the effects of different salinity levels (0 to 200 mM NaCl) on the PSII complex in isolated thylakoid membranes from hydroponically grown pea (Pisum sativum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants treated with NaCl for 5 days. The data revealed that salt stress inhibits the photochemical activity of PSII (H2O → BQ), affecting the energy transfer between the pigment–protein complexes of PSII (as indicated by the fluorescence emission ratio F695/F685), QA reoxidation, and the function of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). These processes were more significantly affected in pea than in maize under salinity. Analysis of the oxygen evolution curves after flashes and continuous illumination showed a stronger influence on the PSIIα than PSIIβ centers. The inhibition of oxygen evolution was associated with an increase in misses (α), double hits (β), and blocked centers (SB) and a decrease in the rate constant of turnover of PSII reaction centers (KD). Salinity had different effects on the two pathways of QA reoxidation in maize and pea. In maize, the electron flow from QA- to plastoquinone was dominant after treatment with higher NaCl concentrations (150 mM and 200 mM), while in pea, the electron recombination on QAQB- with oxidized S2 (or S3) of the OEC was more pronounced. Analysis of the 77 K fluorescence emission spectra revealed changes in the ratio of the light-harvesting complex of PSII (LHCII) monomers and trimers to LHCII aggregates after salt treatment. There was also a decrease in pigment composition and an increase in oxidative stress markers, membrane injury index, antioxidant activity (FRAP assay), and antiradical activity (DPPH assay). These effects were more pronounced in pea than in maize after treatment with higher NaCl concentrations (150 mM–200 mM). This study provides insights into how salinity influences the processes in the donor and acceptor sides of PSII in plants with different salt sensitivity.

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“…High salt concentration induces damage in proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid, leading to increased ROS [ 12 ]. Previous studies revealed increased hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in wheat and sorghum, as the enhancement of H 2 O 2 strongly depends on the tolerance of plant genotypes [ 11 , 14 ]. Activating the antioxidant enzymes and synthesis of protective components are very important for the survival of plants under salt stress [ 11 , 15 ].…”

Section: Salt Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Defense against Abiotic Stress

Аpostolova

2023

IJMS

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The climatic changes and anthropogenic factors in recent decades (global warming, drought, salinity, extreme temperature, environmental pollution) have led to an increase in the negative impact of environmental factors on plants. Abiotic stress strongly influences the important processes of plants and thus affects their growth and development. The effects of stressors on the plants depend on the intensity, frequency, and duration of stress, plant species as well as a combination of various stressors. Plants have developed different mechanisms to limit adverse environmental conditions. In the publications in this Special Issue, Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Defense against Abiotic Stress, new information on plant defense mechanisms against abiotic and biotic stress is presented. The studies help us better understand plants' protection mechanisms again global climate change.

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Protective Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on Photosynthetic Performance of Sorghum bicolor L. under Salt Stress

Cited by 15 publications

References 103 publications

Impact of Sodium Nitroprusside on the Photosynthetic Performance of Maize and Sorghum

Impact of Sodium Nitroprusside on the Photosynthetic Performance of Maize and Sorghum

Changes in Photosystem II Complex and Physiological Activities in Pea and Maize Plants in Response to Salt Stress

Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Defense against Abiotic Stress

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