Protective Effects of White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) against Hepatic Steatosis in Ovariectomized Mice as a Model of Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes various hepatic pathologies ranging from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. Estrogen provides a protective effect on the development of NAFLD in women. Therefore, postmenopausal women have a higher risk of developing NAFLD. Hepatic steatosis is an early stage of fatty liver disease. Steatosis can develop to the aggressive stages (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis). Currently, there is no specific drug to prevent/treat these liver diseases. In this study, we found that white button mushroom (WBM), Agaricus Bisporus, has protective effects against liver steatosis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice (a model of postmenopausal women). OVX mice were fed a high fat diet supplemented with WBM powder. We found that dietary WBM intake significantly lowered liver weight and hepatic injury markers in OVX mice. Pathological examination of liver tissue showed less fat accumulation in the livers of mice on WBM diet; moreover, these animals had improved glucose clearance ability. Microarray analysis revealed that genes related to the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, particularly the genes for fatty acid synthetase (Fas) and fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6), were down-regulated in the liver of mushroom-fed mice. In vitro mechanistic studies using the HepG2 cell line showed that down-regulation of the expression of FAS and ELOVL6 by WBM extract was through inhibition of Liver X receptor (LXR) signaling and its downstream transcriptional factor SREBP1c. These results suggest that WBM is protective against hepatic steatosis and NAFLD in OVX mice as a model for postmenopausal women.

Modulation of Cholesterol-Related Gene Expression by Dietary Fiber Fractions from Edible Mushrooms

“…Triglyceride accumulation in the liver caused by lifestyle-related diseases can result in more serious diseases. In this line, administration of A. bisporus prevents hepatic steatosis in mice, 32 and Panellus serotinus ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese, diabetic mice. 33,34 Thus, PDF could be of interest to develop new therapeutic approaches preventing hepatic triglyceride accumulation.…”

Ovarian-Cell-Like Cells from Skin Stem Cells Restored Estradiol Production and Estrus Cycling in Ovariectomized Mice

“…The decreased estradiol levels at D21 and D24, compared with D15 and D18, of differentiation is possibly the result of the degradation of estradiol in the spent media by factors or enzymes from the prolonged in vitro differentiation system. We next investigated whether the mixture of these ovariancell-like cells can produce estradiol following transplantation into ovariectomized mice, a widely used postmenopausal model [25,26]. After induced differentiation and culture with Matrigel, these ovarian-cell-like cells were transplanted (in some of the experiments, cells were labeled with PKH26 before transplantation) into ovariectomized mice.…”

Effects of 4-week continuous ingestion of champignon extract on halitosis and body and fecal odor

“…Moreover, they show anti-inflammatory properties 13 and have been suggested to inhibit inflammation and cancer cell proliferation through macrophages 14 . Notably, because they inhibit the development of fatty liver, 15 champignon mushrooms can possibly prevent lifestyle-related diseases.…”