Protective Evaluation of Compounds Extracted from Root of Rhodiola rosea L. against Methylglyoxal-Induced Toxicity in a Neuronal Cell Line

Abstract

Rhodiola rosea L. (R. rosea) is one of the most beneficial medicinal plants and it is studied as an adaptogen. This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of compounds extracted from the root of R. rosea against methylglyoxal (MG)-induced apoptosis in neuro-2A (N2A) cells. The root of R. rosea was extracted with ethanol and partitioned with water, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and neuroprotective activity. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest values of AChE inhibitory activity (49.2% ± 3%) and cell viability (50.7% ± 4.8%) for neuroprotection. The structure identification of the most potential fraction (ethyl acetate fraction) revealed 15 compounds, consisting of three tannins, five flavonoids, and seven phenolics by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. All compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective activity. Salidroside had the most potential neuroprotective activity. Gallic acid and methyl gallate had potential cytotoxicity in N2A cells. This study showed that R. rosea might have potential neuroprotective activities.

Rhodiola Rosea Extract Counteracts Stress in an Adaptogenic Response Curve Manner via Elimination of ROS and Induction of Neurite Outgrowth

“…Salidroside exerted the same effects but in a lower extent than the extract indicating that the neuroprotective effect of RRE is a result of synergistic effect of its compounds. An ethyl acetate RRE fraction (50 μg/mL) demonstrated the highest cell viability values during methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis in neuro-2A (N2A) cells, while salidroside (50 μM 24 h) exhibited the strongest neuroprotective activity among the tested compounds of the ethyl acetate fraction [60]. Moreover, in SH-SY5Y cells, salidroside was able to rescue the H 2 O 2induced cell death by increasing antioxidant enzymes such as thioredoxin, heme oxygenase-1, and peroxiredoxin-I, by downregulating the proapoptotic gene Bax, as well as by upregulating the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2, mechanisms that might also be involved in the observed effects of the RRE WS®1375 [21].…”

Slower progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with external application of a Chinese herbal plaster–The randomized, placebo-controlled triple-blinded ALS-CHEPLA trial

“…Furthermore, Ginseng Radix, Astragalus Radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Rhodiola rosea Radix, and Epimedii Herba can prevent glutamate excitotoxicity while Ginseng Radix, Astragalus Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Rhodiola rosea Radix can ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy (Supplementary Figure 1 summarizes these findings, while Supplementary Tables 1a,b, describe the herbs, their constituents and their mechanisms of action on the targets). Overall, the ingredients of every single herb of JWL have effects on almost all known mechanisms of ALS (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58). Hence, JWL is a promising combination of herbs that counteracts multiple mechanisms of ALS.…”

Protective effects of sciadopitysin against methylglyoxal‐induced degeneration in neuronal SK‐N‐MC cells

“…Flavonoids reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in neuronal cells (Cho et al, 2012; Frandsen & Narayanasamy, 2018; Ishige et al, 2001; Kling et al, 2014; Pavlica & Gebhardt, 2010) and rat models (Shang et al, 2006; Zhang et al, 2015). Several flavonoids protect against MG‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in neuronal cell lines (Jiang et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2020).…”