“…Hopelessness is closely associated with whether individuals feel they have any reasons for living (Linehan, Goodstein, Nielsen, & Chiles, 1983;Malone, Oquendo, Haas, Ellis, Li, & Mann, 2000;Mann et al, 1999) and predicts both repetition of suicide attempts (Mann et al, 1999;Petrie, Chamberlain, & Clarke, 1988;Scott, House, Yates, & Harrington, 1997;Sidley, Calam, Wells, Hughes, & Whitaker, 1999;Szanto, Reynolds, Conwell, Begley, & Houck, 1998) and completed suicides up to 10 years later (Beck & Steer, 1989;Beck, Brown, Berchick, Stewart, & Steer, 1990;Fawcett et al, 1990).…”