Protein-Coated Aryl Modified Gold Nanoparticles for Cellular Uptake Study by Osteosarcoma Cancer Cells

Abstract

We synthesized protein-coated gold nanoparticles using green and chemical reduction routes for cellular uptake study. In the current work, we coated gold-aryl nanoparticles of the type AuNPs-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-4-COOH with BSA, collagen, zein and lysozyme proteins. Both routes were carried out without phase-transfer catalysts or extraneous stabilizing agents. High crystallinity of the AuNPs synthesized by the green route can be seen in the transmission electron microscopy images. <a>Osteosarcoma cancer cells are malignant bone tumors with abnormal cellular functions. Studies using MG-63 cells will provide mechanistic suggestions on the details of the amplification in tumors. </a>We studied the cellular uptake of the bioconjugates by MG-63 osteosarcoma cells using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy (LCFM) and flow cytometry. In the LCFM study, BSA-AuNPs was uptaken most efficiently of all protein-coated gold nanoparticles synthesized by the green route. Zein and lysozyme coated nanoparticles, though small sizes, prepared by the green method were not efficiently uptaken by MG-63. The two nanoparticles are negatively charged and zein is also a hydrophobic coat. The difference in hydrophobicity and charge might have affected the internalization. All of those coated nanoparticles that were efficiently uptaken can potentially be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for osteosarcoma.

Arylated gold nanoparticles have no effect on the adipogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells nor regulate any key signaling pathway during the differentiation

“…Some nanoparticles were tagged with FITC [ 8 ]. Afterwards, MG-63 cells were treated with the tagged gold nanoparticles for 24 h. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy methods were used to confirm the uptakes of the nanoparticles [ 8 ].…”

“…They have shown outstanding biocompatibility and unique applications in DNA stabilization, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) delivery, cellular uptake, lysozyme bioconjugation for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and insulin defibrillation [ 6 , 7 ]. Furthermore, our recent study also shows that these aryl-gold nanoparticles having various protein coats are easily uptaken by MG-63 cells [ 8 ]. Unlike the gold nanoparticles that are reported to have citrate shells, gold-aryl nanoparticles have aryl functional groups covalently linked through carbon to the gold core and highly water dispersible which make them ideal for cellular uptake study [ 5 ].…”

Conceptual Developments of Aryldiazonium Salts as Modifiers for Gold Colloids and Surfaces

“…Gold-carbon nanoparticles are synthesized from aryldiazonium gold(III) salts using various routes including chemical, spontaneous, electrochemical, and femtosecond laser ablation. [64][65][66][67] Two interesting routes are discussed here, namely electrochemical reduction in water in the presence of polyaniline (PANI) 64 and the femtosecond laser ablation of the salts in acetonitrile. 65 We have shown that electrochemical reduction of diazonium gold(III) salts in the presence of PANI at different potential values produce PANI-AuNPs nanocomposites.…”

“…[81][82][83] The water-soluble bioconjugates synthesized using diazonics have contributed significantly to development of nanomedicine engineering. 66,67,70,84,85 The bonding between the gold core and aryl shell appears to be robust in biological fluids. 28,66,67,85 Carboxyl-modified gold NPs were successfully implemented in the in vitro delivery of insulin and inhibition of insulin fibrillation.…”

“…66,67,70,84,85 The bonding between the gold core and aryl shell appears to be robust in biological fluids. 28,66,67,85 Carboxyl-modified gold NPs were successfully implemented in the in vitro delivery of insulin and inhibition of insulin fibrillation. 84 Figure 8A shows the defibrillation study of insulin fibers in the presence of gold-aryl nanoparticles.…”