Protein intake, distribution, and sources in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

Hiol, Anne N.; Hurst, Pamela von; Conlon, Cathryn A.; Mumme, Karen; Beck, Kathryn

doi:10.3233/nha-220176

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 59 publications

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“…They were advised to describe the amount of food consumed using household measurements. The dietary data collection method has been described in detail elsewhere ( 33 ) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of protein intake, sources and distribution on muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

Hiol,

von Hurst,

Conlon

et al. 2023

J Nutr Sci

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Protein intake, sources and distribution impact on muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass in older adults. However, it is less clear whether dietary protein influences muscle strength. Data were obtained from the Researching Eating Activity and Cognitive Health (REACH) study, a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating dietary patterns, cognitive function and metabolic syndrome in older adults aged 65–74 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a 4-d food record and muscle strength using a handgrip strength dynamometer. After adjusting for confounders, in female older adults (n 212), total protein intake (β = 0⋅22, P < 0⋅01); protein from dairy and eggs (β = 0⋅21, P = 0⋅03) and plant food sources (β = 0⋅60, P < 0⋅01); and frequently consuming at least 0⋅4 g/kg BW per meal (β = 0⋅08, P < 0⋅01) were associated with higher BMI-adjusted muscle strength. However, protein from meat and fish intake and the coefficient of variance of protein intake were not related to BMI-muscle strength in female older adults. No statistically significant associations were observed in male participants (n = 113). There may be sex differences when investigating associations between protein intake and muscle strength in older adults. Further research is needed to investigate these sex differences.

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“…They were advised to describe the amount of food consumed using household measurements. The dietary data collection method has been described in detail elsewhere ( 33 ) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of protein intake, sources and distribution on muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

Hiol,

von Hurst,

Conlon

et al. 2023

J Nutr Sci

Self Cite

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Achieving High Protein Quality Is a Challenge in Vegan Diets: A Narrative Review

Soh,

Smith,

von Hurst

et al. 2024

Nutrition Reviews

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The transition toward plant-based (PB) diets has gained attention as a plausible step toward achieving sustainable and healthy dietary goals. However, the complete elimination of all animal-sourced foods from the diet (ie, a vegan diet) may have nutritional ramifications that warrant close examination. Two such concerns are the adequacy and bioavailability of amino acids (AAs) from plant-sourced foods and the consequences for older vegan populations who have elevated AA requirements. This narrative review describes the challenges of achieving high protein quality from vegan diets. Data were synthesized from peer-reviewed research articles and reviews. Plant-sourced proteins provide poorer distribution of indispensable AAs (IAAs) and have poorer digestibility, partly due to their inherent structural components within the food matrix. The review addresses complexities of combinations of varied plant protein sources and why the inclusion of novel PB alternatives adds uncertainty to the achievement of adequate protein adequacy. Meal distribution patterns of protein and the ensuing physiological impacts deserve further research and are outlined in this review. Particular attention is given to describing the challenges of achieving sufficient protein and IAA intakes by aging populations who choose to follow a vegan diet. This review contributes to the emerging discussions of nutritional risks associated with vegan diets and adds perspective to the current dietary shifts toward PB diets.

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The pig is an excellent model to determine amino acid digestibility of human foods and to generate data needed to meet human amino acid requirements

Stein

2024

Front. Nutr.

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The protein value of any food item is determined by the quantity and ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in that food. To determine the ileal digestibility of amino acids, an animal model needs to be used, and the pig is the preferred model because values for ileal digestibility obtained in pigs are representative of values obtained in humans. In addition, pigs are omnivorous animals like humans, they are meal eaters, they consume most diets that humans consume, they are easy to work with, and they can be used for repeated determinations of digestibility in many foods. It is, therefore, possible to use pigs to establish a database with digestibility values for human foods and by correcting digestibility values obtained in pigs for the basal endogenous losses of amino acids, it is possible to calculate true ileal digestibility values that are additive in mixed meals. As a consequence, the protein quality of a meal consisting of several food items can be calculated based on digestibility values obtained in pigs. Future work needs to focus on expanding existing databases for amino acid digestibility in foods to include more food items, which will make it possible to estimate the amino acid value of more mixed meals. It is also necessary that the amino acid values in mixed meals be related to requirements for digestible indispensable amino acids in the individuals consuming the meals. The current contribution describes the basic steps in determining amino acid digestibility in human foods using the pig as a model and also outlines future steps needed to further improve amino acid nutrition in humans.

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Protein intake, distribution, and sources in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

Associations of protein intake, sources and distribution on muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

Associations of protein intake, sources and distribution on muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

Achieving High Protein Quality Is a Challenge in Vegan Diets: A Narrative Review

The pig is an excellent model to determine amino acid digestibility of human foods and to generate data needed to meet human amino acid requirements

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