Protein precipitation method for the quantitative determination of tannins

Hagerman, Ann; Butler, Larry G.

doi:10.1021/jf60218a027

Cited by 871 publications

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References 15 publications

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“…43 After centrifugation the precipitate was dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate (Sigma)/triethanolamine (Merck) solution (4.0 mL) and the tannins were complexed with 1.0 mL of FeCl 3 solution; the colored complex was then read at 510 nm. Measurements were made in the range 0.2 < A < 0.9.…”

Section: Tannin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influence on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora leaves

Duarte¹,

Santos²,

Seraphin³

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O conteúdo foliar de fenóis totais e de taninos, bem como a composição química dos óleos essenciais em populações de Myrciaria cauliflora cultivadas em seis diferentes sítios de amostragem indicou a presença de quatro grupos de amostras de acordo com as características químicas da folha e do solo de cultivo. O grupo I incluiu as amostras oriundas do solo franco-arenoso (S1), caracterizado pela maior e menor percentagem de g-eudesmol (11,55%) e germacreno D (20,48%), respectivamente, e alto conteúdo de fenóis totais (136,68 mg g -1 ) e taninos (60,72 mg g -1 ). O grupo II, rico em elemol (4,61%), incluiu as amostras cultivadas nos solos franco-arenoso-argilosos (S2, S3 e S6), enquanto que as amostras dos solos argilosos S4 (grupo III) e S5 (grupo IV) apresentaram as mais elevadas percentagens de germacreno D (III: 27,20%; IV: 26,83%) e os mais baixos teores de elemol (2,12-2,55%), fenóis totais (79,69 e 111,77 mg g -1 ) e taninos (34,04 e 44,51 mg g -1 ). A análise de redundância canônica revelou como o balanço de nutrientes do solo e das folhas influenciou a distribuição dos constituintes químicos nos diferentes agrupamentos. A variação química parece ser determinada por fatores ambientais.Foliar contents of total phenols and tannins and the essential oil composition of Myrciaria cauliflora populations cultivated in six sampling sites have shown the presence of four clusters related to soil types and foliar nutrients. Cluster I included samples which originated from sandy loam soil (S1) with the highest and lowest percentages of g-eudesmol (11.55%) and germacrene D (20.48%), respectively, as well as high total phenol (136.68 mg g -1 ) and tannin (60.72 mg g -1 ) contents. Cluster II, rich in elemol (4.61%), included all the samples cultivated from clay sand loam soils (S2, S3, and S6), whereas clay soils S4 (cluster III) and S5 (cluster IV) had the highest amounts of germacrene D (III: 27.20%; IV: 26.83%) and the lowest levels of elemol (2.12-2.55%), total phenols (79.69 and 111.77 mg g -1 ), and tannins (34.04 and 44.51 mg g -1 ). The canonical redundancy analysis revealed the relationship between chemical balances in the soil and leaf nutrients in different clusters. Chemovariations may be environmentally determined.Keywords: Myrciaria cauliflora, essential oil, phenol, chemical variability, environmental influence, multivariate analysis Introduction Jaboticaba, also known as guaperu or sabara, is a small native Brazilian fruit of the cauliflorus Myrtle (Myrtaceae). It is grape-like in appearance and texture, although its skin is thicker and tougher, and its color varies from grown to deep purple or black due to high anthocyanin content. 1 The ripened berries are highly perishable -postharvest decay occurs within 2-3 days -which is a problem for both transport and storage. 2 The plant is distributed in southern and central Brazilian regions and consists of about nine species of trees and shrubs, among which Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg. and M. jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg. are the most widely cultivated ...

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Section: Tannin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influence on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora leaves

Duarte¹,

Santos²,

Seraphin³

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…The extract solutions (1.0 mL) were precipitated with 2.0 mL of bovine serum albumine (BSA; fraction V, 27 After centrifugation, the precipitate was dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate (Sigma)/triethanolamine (Merck) solution (4.0 mL) and tannins were complexed with 1.0 mL of FeCl 3 solution. The colored complex was then read at 510 nm.…”

Section: Tannin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of spatial, edaphic and genetic factors on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora fruits

Duarte¹,

Santos²,

Seraphin³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A composição química dos óleos essenciais e o conteúdo em fenóis (fenóis totais, taninos e antocianinas) bem como os teores de açúcares redutores e da acidez dos frutos de M. cauliflora foram obtidos de plantas cultivadas sob seis tipos de solo. As análises de redundância canônica (RDA) e de discriminante indicaram a presença de quatro grupos de amostras, tendo o α-copaeno e os teores de taninos, açúcares redutores e da acidez do fruto como variáveis preditoras. O particionamento da variância, conduzida por meio de RDAs parciais, revelou uma forte influência de fatores edáficos sobre o conteúdo dos fenólicos, açúcares redutores e da acidez dos frutos, enquanto que o polimorfismo nos óleos essenciais foi atribuído majoritariamente a fatores genéticos. Para todos os constituintes a influência espacial na variabilidade química foi significativa, embora menos pronunciada para os óleos essenciais.Essential oil chemical composition and phenolics (total phenols, tannins and anthocyanins), reducing sugar and fruit acidity contents of Myrciaria cauliflora were obtained from cultivated populations in six sampling sites. Canonical redundancy (RDA) and discriminant analyses revealed four clusters of samples based on contents of α-copaene, tannins, reducing sugar and fruit acidity as predictor variables. The total variation partition performed by partial RDAs showed a strong influence of edaphic factors on phenolics, reducing sugar and fruit acidity data set. However, the polymorphism of essential oils may be genetically determined. Spatial influence on chemovariations was significant for all constituents, but less pronounced for essential oil data. Keywords: Myrciaria cauliflora, essential oil, chemical variability, environmental influence, spatial pattern IntroductionThe Jaboticaba tree, also known as Brazilian grape tree (Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg., Myrtaceae), can be wild-grown or cultivated. Its berries are consumed in natura, thus offering an economic alternative for improving management of the remaining Brazilian Cerrado areas. 1 In the last decade, commercial products derived from Jaboticaba have increased in number and producers aim to improve the quality of different kinds of jams, ice creams, vinegar, liquor and wines. 2 Several reports have described the antioxidant activity of fruits, which is mostly attributed to the high content of anthocyanins and flavonoids in skins. 3,4 Two depsides were identified in a bioactivity-guided fractionation, both of which exhibited antiradical activity in DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, colon cancer cell cytotoxicity and inhibition of interleukin IL-8 production, suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. 3 Leaf essential oils were recently described and showed mainly sesquiterpenes, 5 a trend that has been observed in other Myrtaceae genera such as Myrcia, Eugenia and Psidium. 6 However, the major constituent in the leaf essential oil was γ-eudesmol, which is an unusual oil constituent for the Myrtaceae family. Essential oil constituents and phenolic contents...

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“…CT have the ability to bind proteins, metal ions and polysaccharides to render them unavailable to ruminal microbes (MuellerHarvey and Mcallan, 1992;Hedqvist et al, 2000;Tedeschi et al, 2011b). Methods have been developed that attempted to quantify and fractionate plant CT (Hagerman and Butler, 1978;Terrill et al, 1992;Giner-Chavez et al, 1997). However, these purely chemical, quantitative methods have a limited ability to predict the biological activity of specific CT from a given species (Martin and Martin, 1982;Makkar et al, 1999) and biological assays are needed for this purpose (Ammar et al, 2004;del Pino et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a conceptual model of possible benefits of condensed tannins for ruminant production

Tedeschi

Ramírez-Restrepo

Muir

2014

animal

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Enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions from ruminants have compelled a wide range of research initiatives to identify environmental abatement opportunities. However, although such mitigations can theoretically be attained with feed additives and feeding strategies, the limited empirical evidence on plant extracts used as feed additives does not support extensive or long-term reductions. Nevertheless, their strategic use (i.e. alone or combined in a simultaneous or consecutive use) may provide not only acceptable CH 4 abatement levels, but also relevant effects on animal physiology and productivity. Condensed tannins (CT) represent a range of polyphenolic compounds of flavan-3-ol units present in some forage species that can also be added to prepared diets. Methods to determine CT, or their conjugated metabolites, are not simple. Although there are limitations and uncertainties about the methods to be applied, CT are thought to reduce CH 4 production (1) indirectly by binding to the dietary fibre and/or reducing the rumen digestion and digestibility of the fibre and (2) directly by inhibiting the growth of rumen methanogens. On the basis of their role in livestock nutrition, CT influence the digestion of protein in the rumen because of their affinity for proteins (e.g. oxidative coupling and H bonding at neutral pH) that causes the CT-protein complex to be insoluble in the rumen; and dissociate in the abomasum at pH 2.5 to 3.0 for proteolysis and absorption in the small intestine. CT may also reduce gastro-intestinal parasite burdens and improve reproductive performance, foetal development, immune system response, hormone serum concentrations, wool production and lactation. The objectives of this paper are to discuss some of the beneficial and detrimental effects of CT on ruminant production systems and to develop a conceptual model to illustrate these metabolic relationships in terms of systemic physiology using earlier investigations with the CT-containing legume Lotus corniculatus. Our conceptual model indicated four complex and long-lasting relationships (digestive, toxicological, physiological and morphological) that can alter the normal biology of the animal. These relationships are interdependent, integrative, and sometimes, complementary to each other. This conceptual model can be used to develop mechanistic models to improve the understanding of the interaction between CT and the ruminants as well as to guide research initiatives of the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on human health.Keywords: condensed tannins, methane, modelling, physiology, ruminant ImplicationsThis paper reviews potential benefits of condensed tannins (CT), including mitigation of methane emission (a potent greenhouse gas), reduction of ruminal degradation of amino acids and reduction of gastro-intestinal parasitic infestation among many other benefits to cattle, sheep and goats; and proposes a conceptual model to understand the interrelationships of the mechanisms of action of these benefits within the animal. Our conceptual model lays t...

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Protein precipitation method for the quantitative determination of tannins

Cited by 871 publications

References 15 publications

Environmental influence on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora leaves

Environmental influence on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora leaves

Influence of spatial, edaphic and genetic factors on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora fruits

Developing a conceptual model of possible benefits of condensed tannins for ruminant production

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