“…Several methods for disruption of microbial cells are described in the literature; the most commonly used are summarized in some reviews (Harrison, 1991 ; Middelberg, 1995 ; Geciova et al, 2002 ). Most of them have been applied in Pichia : sonication (Lin et al, 2007 ), bead milling (Pfeffer et al, 2012 ; Grillitsch et al, 2014 ), enzymatic and chemical lysis (Naglak and Henry, 1990 ; Boettner et al, 2002 ), cell permeabilization (Shepard et al, 2002 ; Lenassi Zupan et al, 2004 ), and high-pressure homogenization (Johnson et al, 2003 ; Tam et al, 2012 ; Gurramkonda et al, 2013 ). The last one is described as the most used for large scale cell disruption processes in the biopharmaceutical manufacturing industry (Fonseca and Cabral, 2002 ; Lin et al, 2007 ).…”