Protein S deficiency manifesting simultaneously as central retinal artery occlusion, oculomotor nerve palsy, and systemic arterial occlusive diseases

Selective Thrombophilia Screening in Young Patients with Retinal Artery Occlusion

“…Attention has shifted in recent years to the characterization and evaluation of novel risk factors for arterial thrombosis, including lipoprotein metabolism and the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems [22,23,24]. Some anecdotal case reports and rare case series with patient numbers ranging from 9 to 41 have suggested that the presence of thrombophilic defects may be associated with the development of RAO [25,26,27]. Most of these studies did not take into account the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or patient age by the time of the RAO.…”

Selective thrombophilia screening of patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

“…Attention has shifted in recent years to the characterization and evaluation of novel risk factors of arterial thrombosis, including lipoprotein metabolism and the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems [6,12,19,20,32].…”

Perioperative Visual Loss in Cardiac Surgery

“…40 Thrombotic phenomena-Thrombosis in a central or a branch retinal artery associated with hypercoagulability has been reported. [41][42][43][44][45] In particular, thrombophilic factors such as hyperfibrinogenemia and Factor V Leiden mutation increased risk. 46 Thrombophilia after cardiac surgery may contribute to postoperative cardiac and cerebral complications.…”