Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis on Endocrine Organs of Domesticated Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. for a Comprehensive Understanding of Their Roles and Relations

Abstract

Three organs of silkworm larva endocrine system, including brain (Br), subesophageal ganglion (SG) and prothoracic glands (PG), were studied employing shotgun LC-MS/MS combined with bioinformatic analysis to comprehensively understand their roles and relations. Totally, 3430, 2683, and 3395 proteins were identified including 1885 common and 652, 253, and 790 organ-specific ones in Br, SG, and PG, respectively. Identified common-expressed proteins indicated the existence of intrinsic complex interactions among these parts of endocrine system. Most of the reputed organs-specific proteins were identified by this approach. KEGG pathway analysis showed 162 same pathways among the 169, 164, and 171 relating Br, SG, and PG. This analysis revealed functional similarities with exceptional resemblance in their metabolism and signaling pathways of the three organs. On the other hand, 70, 57, and 114 organ-specific enzymes related pathways were detected for Br, SG, and PG confirming their functional differences. These results reveal a cooperative mechanism among the three endocrine organs in regulating various physiological and developmental events, and also suggest that the organ-specific proteins might be the fundamental factors responsible for the functional differentiation of these organs.

Effect of nutrient deprivation on the susceptibility ofGalleria mellonellalarvae to infection

“…A reduction in the expression of arylphorin and lipoprotein was recently demonstrated in Bombyx mori when a calorie restriction was applied to the insect's diet. 29 In contrast, Tribolium casteneum deprived of food demonstrated increased expression of selected stressor specific microRNAs in a gender specific manner thus suggesting that different types of insect react differently to nutrient deprivation. 30 The results presented here demonstrate a clear correlation between access to nutrition and the ability of G. mellonella larvae to retard microbial infection.…”

Comparative proteomic analysis of the silkworm middle silk gland reveals the importance of ribosome biogenesis in silk protein production

“…Protein extraction from the MSG-A, − M, and -P was performed as described previously [24,25]. The extracted protein samples were quantified using the 2-D Quant Kit (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Shotgun proteomic analysis on the embryos of silkworm Bombyx mori at the end of organogenesis

“…In the present study, in addition to the commonly expressed proteins of CSP 7 and CSP 11 at the two stages, we specifically identified three chemoreception proteins, CSP 10, antennal binding protein and sericotropin at TA. We have also identified many CSPs, as well as antennal binding protein and sericotropin in endocrine system of B. mori larva (Li et al, 2009b). However, the CSP 10 was not found in endocrine organs and the CSP 7 was only found in prothoracic glands implying their different distributions and functions.…”