Proteomic and metabolomic responses in hepatopancreas of Mytilus galloprovincialis challenged by Micrococcus luteus and Vibrio anguillarum

Abstract

The outbreak of pathogens can induce diseases and lead to massive mortalities of aquaculture animals including fish, mollusk and shrimp. In this work, the responses induced by Micrococcus luteus and Vibrio anguillarum were investigated in hepatopancreas of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis using proteomics and metabolomics. Metabolic biomarkers demonstrated that M. luteus and V. anguillarum injections could induce osmotic stress and disturbance in energy metabolism. And the uniquely and more markedly altered metabolic biomarkers (glutamine, succinate, aspartate, glucose, ATP, homarine and tyrosine) indicated that V. anguillarum could cause more severe disturbances in osmotic regulation and energy metabolism. The differentially altered proteins meant that M. luteus and V. anguillarum induced different effects in mussels. However, the common proteomic biomarkers, arginine kinase and small heat shock protein, demonstrated that these two bacteria induced similar effects including oxidative stress and disturbance in energy metabolism in M. galloprovincialis. In addition, some metabolic biomarkers, ATP and glutamine, were confirmed by related proteins including arginine kinase, ATP synthase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase and glutamine synthetase in bacteria-challenged mussels.This study demonstrated that proteomics and metabolomics could provide an insightful view into the effects of environmental pathogens to the marine mussel M. galloprovincialis. Biological significanceThe outbreak of pathogens can lead to diseases and massive mortalities of aquaculture animals including fish, mollusk and shrimp. The mussel M. galloprovincialis distributes widely along the Bohai coast and is popularly consumed as delicious seafood by local residents. This bivalve has become one of the important species in marine aquaculture industry in China. Therefore a study on pathogen-induced effects is necessary. In the present study, an integrated metabolomic and proteomic approach was used to elucidate the differential effects induced by the representative Gram-positive (M. luteus) and Gram-negative (V. anguillarum) bacteria in M. galloprovincialis.

Proteomic responses reveal the differential effects induced by cadmium in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis at early life stages

“…Both ubiquitin thioesterase and ubiquitin are regulatory proteins involved in the nonlysosomal degradation of intracellular proteins related to apoptosis induced by stressors [22]. In addition, ubiquitin-related proteins are responsive to immune and oxidative stress, which was observed in bacterial challenged mussel M. galloprovincialis and acute free radical-treated mussel Mytilus edulis [23,24]. Ribosomal proteins perform the crucial function of protein biosynthesis and have been also recognized as immunogenic proteins [23].…”

“…In addition, ubiquitin-related proteins are responsive to immune and oxidative stress, which was observed in bacterial challenged mussel M. galloprovincialis and acute free radical-treated mussel Mytilus edulis [23,24]. Ribosomal proteins perform the crucial function of protein biosynthesis and have been also recognized as immunogenic proteins [23]. RNA polymerase II is responsible for the transcription of genes coding for protein in the nucleus [25].…”

Metabolic profiling of the tissue-specific responses in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis towards Vibrio harveyi challenge

“…With the development of system biology techniques (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), researchers have applied these eomic approaches to fish and shellfish immunology, which can provide a comprehensive understanding of immune responses of marine aquaculture animals to pathogen challenges [11,12]. Recently, Ji et al reported the proteomic responses in M. galloprovincialis challenged by another vibrio, V. anguillarum [12].…”

“…As an immune organ, the digestive gland of marine bivalves is the most frequently used organ in immunity studies due to the filter-feeding habit of M. galloprovincialis [8,11,13]. The organ of gill can be directly attacked by marine pathogens and has been also investigated in shellfish immunology [12,14,15].…”

Metabolic profiling of mussel larvae: effect of handling and culture conditions

“…Succinate is a tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediate and is capable of donating electrons to the electron transport chain via oxidation to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Decreased expression of SDH and increased levels of succinate are indicative of oxidative stress in shellfish when oxygen availability is limited (Tuffnail et al 2009 ;Anestis et al 2010 ;Connor and Gracey 2012 ), and when organisms are exposed to toxins (Wu et al 2013a ;Hanana et al 2014 ) or pathogens (Ji et al 2013 ;Wu et al 2013b ). Elevated tissue concentrations of succinate are also indicative of poor larval quality due to lower capacity for energy production (Young et al 2015b ).…”