Proteomic Changes to the Updated Discovery of Engineered Insulin and Its Analogs: Pros and Cons

Abstract

The destruction of β-cells of the pancreas leads to either insulin shortage or the complete absence of insulin, which in turn causes diabetes Mellitus. For treating diabetes, many trials have been conducted since the 19th century until now. In ancient times, insulin from an animal’s extract was taken to treat human beings. However, this resulted in some serious allergic reactions. Therefore, scientists and researchers have tried their best to find alternative ways for managing diabetes with progressive advancements in biotechnology. However, a lot of research trials have been conducted, and they discovered more progressed strategies and approaches to treat type I and II diabetes with satisfaction. Still, investigators are finding more appropriate ways to treat diabetes accurately. They formulated insulin analogs that mimic the naturally produced human insulin through recombinant DNA technology and devised many methods for appropriate delivery of insulin. This review will address the following questions: What is insulin preparation? How were these devised and what are the impacts (both positive and negative) of such insulin analogs against TIDM (type-I diabetes mellitus) and TIIDM (type-II diabetes mellitus)? This review article will also demonstrate approaches for the delivery of insulin analogs into the human body and some future directions for further improvement of insulin treatment.

The Role of Biotechnology in Latest Therapeutic Approaches for Diabetes Mellitus

“…Various insulin delivery options are introduced, such as oral insulin tablets, insulin pumps, inhaler insulins, and biosynthetic pancreas. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is used to imitate basal insulin production, in which a particular insulin dose will be delivered to the body with a small pump 4 . Automated insulin delivery systems are the mechanisms of the artificial pancreas, which is also called a closed-loop glucose system.…”

Editorial for Special Issue “Natural Products as Potential Source of Antidiabetic Compounds”

“…Thus, scientists around the globe have concentrated their efforts on establishing alternative and more effective strategies to treat diabetes. Hanif et al [ 13 ] published a review about the proteomic changes and discovery of engineered insulin. In their review, they discussed how various scientists had formulated insulin derivatives that mimic the natural human insulin via recombinant DNA technology.…”