Proteomic profiling in extracellular vesicles for cancer detection and monitoring

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-size lipid vesicles released by cells, which play essential biological functions in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence indicates that EVs participate in cancer development, including invasion, migration, metastasis, and cancer immune modulation. One of the key mechanisms is that EVs affect different cells in the tumor microenvironment through surface-anchor proteins and protein cargos. Moreover, proteins specifically expressed in tumor-derived EVs can be applied in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Besides, the EV proteome also helps to understand drug resistance in cancers and to guide clinical medication. With the development of mass spectrometry and array-based multi-protein detection, the research of EV proteomics has entered a new era. The high-throughput parallel proteomic profiling based on these new platforms allows us to study the impact of EV proteome on cancer progression more comprehensively and to describe the proteomic landscape in cancers with more details. In this article, we review the role and function of different types of EVs in cancer progression. More importantly, we summarize the proteomic profiling of EVs based on different methods and the application of EV proteome in cancer detection and monitoring.

A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery

“…Several review articles have recently been published describing exosomes as potential biomarkers of cancer (Abhange et al, 2021; Czystowska‐Kuzmicz & Whiteside, 2021; Romano et al, 2021; Tamura et al, 2021; Xue et al, 2021; Zhao et al, 2020; Zhou et al, 2021). A higher concentration of exosomes is often observed in cancer patients (Panigrahi et al, 2019; Turay et al, 2016) and under inflammatory conditions (Van Niel et al, 2001).…”

Proteomic profiling of serum extracellular vesicles identifies diagnostic markers for echinococcosis

“…In recent years, an emerging role of EVs in intercellular communication and diagnosis has been recognized [25,26]. EVs can mediate intercellular communication between parasites, PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES from the parasite to the host, or from the parasite to environment where it lives [8,27].…”

Proteomic Exploration of Plasma Exosomes and Other Small Extracellular Vesicles in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Potential Source of Biomarkers for Relapse Occurrence

“…Proteomics and subproteomics methods have brought new insights to the discovery of biomarkers commonly present at low concentration levels that can be associated with disease progression [ 44 , 45 ]. MS-based proteomic analysis has recently been applied to cancer cell-derived EVs, revealing important biogenesis pathways and improving our understanding of carcinogenesis and tumor progression [ 15 , 46 , 47 ]. Proteomic analyses of plasma-derived exosomes have already identified potential tumor biomarkers for diagnosis (e.g., malignant pulmonary nodules [ 48 ], breast [ 49 ]) or prognosis (ovarian [ 50 ]).…”