Proteomic profiling of Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract‐induced adipogenesis displaying browning features

Abstract

Ganoderma is classified as a top grade traditional Chinese medicine for promoting human health by regulating 'vital energy'. Its potency towards metabolism and energy homeostasis, particularly, metabolic adaptations of adipocytes, needs to be re-evaluated through an evidence-based study. Here, the triterpenoid-rich Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract (GTEE) was found to contribute towards adipogenesis accompanied with elevated intracellular lipid metabolic flux. Additionally, proteomic profiling revealed GTEE-upregulated mitochondrial remodeling and chemical energy redox modifications, which display UCP1-positive browning fat-selective features and a NADH-mediated adaptive mechanism. GTEE-treated mice with diet-induced obesity also resulted in the amelioration of white adipocyte hypertrophy and the appearance of UCP1-positive browning adipocytes. Our novel findings unravel that GTEE could promote intracellular metabolic flexibility and plasticity followed by the induction of adipocyte browning.

Genome of Ganoderma Species Provides Insights Into the Evolution, Conifers Substrate Utilization, and Terpene Synthesis for Ganoderma tsugae

“…The edible and medicinal fungi contain a large number of active metabolites, such as terpenes, alkaloids, and polyketides, which have a wide range of pharmaceutical applications ( Song et al, 2016 ). In recent years, many studies have been carried out on the pharmacological activities of G. tsugae and showed that it has many pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant ( Mau et al, 2002 ), anti-inflammation ( Ko et al, 2008 ), anti-tumor ( Yu et al, 2012 ; Kuo et al, 2013 ; Huang et al, 2019 ), lipid-lowering ( Tseng et al, 2018 ), immunity enhancement ( Jinn et al, 2006 ), etc. The rapid development of sequencing technology and genomic data mining enable scientists to elaborately investigate functional genes of important bioactive compounds in fungi.…”

Ganoderma tsugae suppresses the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells via Akt signaling pathway

“…Our lab has used a PhytomicsQC system to examine the quality of different batches of GTEE 11 . Our previous studies have shown that cytotoxic concentration of GTEE on 3T3‐L1 (mouse embryo fibroblast) which IC 50 were not detected, 17 and on other cells, MRC‐5 (Human fetus lung normal fibroblast), WI‐38 (Human fetus lung normal fibroblast), and Hs68 (human foreskin fibroblast), which IC 50 were 0.5, 0.46, and >1 mg/mL, respectively (data not shown). In addition, GTEE has been proven to have various biological activities, such as antitumor, immunomodulatory, and several other potentials are still under investigation 1,6,8,12 .…”

Research Trends of Animal Experiment on the Herbal Medicine for Obesity: During the Recent 5 Years

“…선정된 논문 중 3편 15,28,37) 을 제외한 대 부분의 논문에서 비만을 유발하지 않은 정상 대조군을 설정 하였고, 27편 11,[16][17][18]23,24,27,[29][30][31]33,34,37,38,[40][41][42]44,45,48,51,52,[55][56][57][58][59] 에서 양성 대조군을 설정하였다. 또한 실험군에서 2~3군별로 용량을 다르 게 투여해 비교한 논문이 34편 14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][25][26][27][30][31][32][33][34][35]37,38,41,42,…”

“…실험군의 중재약물은 24편 [11][12][13][14]16,17,20,22,24,25,27,[33][34][35]37,39,44,45,47,50,54,56,57,60) 에서 단일약재, 나머지 26편에서 복합처방 형태로 사용되 었다. 논문에 사용된 단일약재는 모두 21종이었고 그 중 계지 12,17) , 갈근 16,37) , 차전초 33,34) 는 각각 2편에서 사용되었다.…”

“…중재기간은 짧게는 2주 13) 에서 길게는 16주 22) 까지였으 며, 동일한 중재에 대해 6, 8, 16주씩 기간을 다르게 설정 하여 비교한 논문이 1편 50) 있었다(Tables 1, 2). 26,30,32,39,60) , 3가지 범주의 평가방법을 사용한 논문이 20 11,12,14,18,[20][21][22][23]28,31,33,37,[43][44][45]51,52,54,58,59) 이었고, 4가지 범주의 평가방 법을 모두 사용한 논문이 24편 13,[15][16][17]19,24,25,27,29,35,36,38,[40][41][42][46][47][48][49][50]53,[55][56][57] 으로 가장 많았다. 13,15,…”