Protocadherin 11X/Y a Human-Specific Gene Pair: an Immunohistochemical Survey of Fetal and Adult Brains

Priddle, T H; Crow, T. J.

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs181

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Since the cerebral cortex is the area that has most dramatically expanded during primate evolution, changes in the expression pattern of Pcdh11X might lead to the acquisition of primate-specific changes in terms of neural connections and functions, or areal differences. Examination of the postmortem human brain revealed that Pcdh11X is expressed broadly, with no layer specific expression in the prefrontal cortex [12]. Thus, Pcdh11X expression may differ even between different primate cortices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These subtle differences might affect brain functions. With regard to the human brain, there are limited data available on Pcdh11X expression patterns [12], [34]–[38]. Further detailed studies in postmortem human brains, or other primate species, are necessary to further examine this possibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, intellectual disability was identified in 2 brothers with a gene duplication in intron 2 of Pcdh11X [11]. Although the dysfunction of Pcdh11X/Y in human psychiatric disorders has been proposed, and immunohistochemical analysis of Pcdh11X expression has been examined in postmortem human brains [12], invasive human studies are strictly limited; therefore, appropriate animal models are necessary to allow the exploration of molecular and behavioral functions of Pcdh11X.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of Protocadherin-11 X-Linked Expression among Postnatal Rodents, Non-Human Primates, and Songbirds Suggests Its Possible Involvement in Brain Evolution

et al. 2013

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BackgroundProtocadherin-11 is a cell adhesion molecule of the cadherin superfamily. Since, only in humans, its paralog is found on the Y chromosome, it is expected that protocadherin-11X/Y plays some role in human brain evolution or sex differences. Recently, a genetic mutation of protocadherin-11X/Y was reported to be associated with a language development disorder. Here, we compared the expression of protocadherin-11 X-linked in developing postnatal brains of mouse (rodent) and common marmoset (non-human primate) to explore its possible involvement in mammalian brain evolution. We also investigated its expression in the Bengalese finch (songbird) to explore a possible function in animal vocalization and human language faculties.Methodology/Principal FindingsProtocadherin-11 X-linked was strongly expressed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and brainstem. Comparative analysis between mice and marmosets revealed that in certain areas of marmoset brain, the expression was clearly enriched. In Bengalese finches, protocadherin-11 X-linked was expressed not only in nuclei of regions of the vocal production pathway and the tracheosyringeal hypoglossal nucleus, but also in areas homologous to the mammalian amygdala and hippocampus. In both marmosets and Bengalese finches, its expression in pallial vocal control areas was developmentally regulated, and no clear expression was seen in the dorsal striatum, indicating a similarity between songbirds and non-human primates.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results suggest that the enriched expression of protocadherin-11 X-linked is involved in primate brain evolution and that some similarity exists between songbirds and primates regarding the neural basis for vocalization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of Protocadherin-11 X-Linked Expression among Postnatal Rodents, Non-Human Primates, and Songbirds Suggests Its Possible Involvement in Brain Evolution

et al. 2013

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“…-protocadherin-11 Y-linked protein (PC11Y) is involved in cell-cell interactions and is critical in the development of the central nervous system. PC11Y is expressed strongly in fetal brain and brain (cortex, amygdala, thalamus, substantia nigra, hippocampus, caudate nucleus and corpus callosum) [105,106] ;…”

Section: Hexapeptide Sharing Between B19 Bdv Rubv Mev Influenza Amentioning

confidence: 99%

From Viral Infections to Autistic Neurodevelopmental Disorders via Cross-Reactivity

2018

J. Psychiatry Brain Sci.

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Objective: Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors such as infections have been proposed as potential causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Searching for the molecular mechanism by which infections might contribute to the etiopathogenesis of ASD, we analyze here the hypothesis that immune responses to infectious agents may cross-react with human proteins that, when altered, relate to autistic neurodevelopmental spectrum disorders. Methods: Viral and human proteins were analyzed for peptide sharing using the Pir Peptide Match resource. Results: We find that: (i) an intense peptide overlap occurs between ASD-related viruses and ASD-related human proteins, and might underlie cross-reactivity scenarios following viral infections; (ii) viral peptide sharing also occurs with Y-linked proteins, in this way highlighting an additional potential cross-reactivity burden that would involve male subjects only; (iii) many shared peptides are also part of epitopes experimentally validated as immunopositive in the human host. Conclusion: This study offers a cohesive set of data that suggests a contribution of immune cross-reactivity to the genesis of ASD.

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“…Curiously, in early P. dumerilii embryos neuroglian, contactin, A fourth subdivision of proteins was constituted to showcase proteins that have been characterized in an asymmetric neuronal function, but do not fit with any of the previous cell-adhesion mediated polarity subgroups. These proteins include the dendritic branching regulator Protocadherin 11x (Pcd11x) [251][252][253][254][255], the postsynaptic protein Neuroligin 4Y [256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263], and the synaptic scaffolding protein Magi2 that can interact with Neuroligin 4Y intracellularly [264][265][266][267][268][269]. Intriguingly, all three exhibit significant expression at early time points in P. dumerilii embryos (Figure 8d).…”

Section: Category 4: Mediators Of Cell-cell Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The asymmetric cell division machinery in early annelid embryogenesis: Maternal and embryonic contributions

Nakama

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Background viii Results viii Conclusions ix CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND 1 (1) Cortical Domain Establishment 8 (2) Spindle Orientation 9 (3) Polarity Complexes 9 (4) Cell-cell adhesions and cell adhesion complexes CHAPTER 2: METHODS 12 Platynereis dumerilii culture Transcriptome assembly Identification of orthologous genes by in silico searches Cloning of ACD genes Whole mount in situ hybridization CHAPTER 3: RESULTS 16 Identification and classification of ACD genes Category I. Establishing cortical domains: The PAR gene complexes Category II: The machinery to orient the mitotic spindle Category III: Establishing and maintaining cell polarity Category 4: Mediators of Cell-Cell Adhesion Transcripts for ACD components in the unfertilized egg (0 hpf) and zygote (2 hpf) CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION 47 Survey of ACD components in the spiralian: P. dumerilii Asymmetric cell division in other spiralians Asymmetric cell divisions in P. dumerilii High maternal contribution of ACD components: a general phenomenon? Fast removal of maternal ACD transcripts Early zygotic transcription of key ACD components Scarce ACD transcripts: missing ACD components? Similarity in expression domains: Co-expression of ACD components Neural cell recognition complexes in early embryogenesis Conclusion APPENDIX A: SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 1 58

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Protocadherin 11X/Y a Human-Specific Gene Pair: an Immunohistochemical Survey of Fetal and Adult Brains

Cited by 21 publications

References 77 publications

Comparative Analysis of Protocadherin-11 X-Linked Expression among Postnatal Rodents, Non-Human Primates, and Songbirds Suggests Its Possible Involvement in Brain Evolution

Comparative Analysis of Protocadherin-11 X-Linked Expression among Postnatal Rodents, Non-Human Primates, and Songbirds Suggests Its Possible Involvement in Brain Evolution

From Viral Infections to Autistic Neurodevelopmental Disorders via Cross-Reactivity

The asymmetric cell division machinery in early annelid embryogenesis: Maternal and embryonic contributions

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