Protochlorophyllide Reduction: Mechanisms and Evolution¶

Schoefs, Benoı̂t; Franck, Fabrice

doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0543:prmae>2.0.co;2

Cited by 139 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…This is not surprising because the accumulation of Chl a requires light and a constant synthesis of Pchlide (for review, see Solymosi and Schoefs 2010); therefore, in the presence of light, the Pchlide/Chl ratio decreases during greening. The Chlide/Chl ratio presents the same tendency, because Chlide is formed from Pchlide in a light-dependent reaction (Sundqvist and Dahlin 1997;Schoefs and Franck 2003). The results prove that the covered primordia can be almost fully etiolated even if the bud developed under natural light conditions (Table 1; Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Photoactive Pchlide transforms to chlorophyllide (Chlide) during a short ( s-ms) illumination period (Sironval et al 1967). In the 77 K Xuorescence emission spectra of leaves, photoactive Pchlide has Xuorescence emission maximum at 652-657 nm, while the non-photoactive Pchlide form emits around 631-633 nm (Sironval et al 1967; for reviews, see Sundqvist and Dahlin 1997;Schoefs and Franck 2003). Pchlide phototransformation is the initial step of etioplastto-chloroplast diVerentiation, and of the formation of the functional photosynthetic apparatus (Franck 1990;Franck et al 1993Franck et al , 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High biological variability of plastids, photosynthetic pigments and pigment forms of leaf primordia in buds

Solymosi

Morandi

Bóka

et al. 2011

Planta

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To study the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in nature, the carotenoid and chlorophyllous pigment compositions of differently developed leaf primordia in closed and opening buds of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) as well as in closed buds of tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima P. Mill.) were analyzed with HPLC. The native organization of the chlorophyllous pigments was studied using 77 K fluorescence spectroscopy, and plastid ultrastructure was investigated with electron microscopy. Complete etiolation, i.e., accumulation of protochlorophyllide, and absence of chlorophylls occurred in the innermost leaf primordia of common ash buds. The other leaf primordia were partially etiolated in the buds and contained protochlorophyllide (0.5-1 μg g(-1) fresh mass), chlorophyllides (0.2-27 μg g(-1) fresh mass) and chlorophylls (0.9-643 μg g(-1) fresh mass). Etio-chloroplasts with prolamellar bodies and either regular or only low grana were found in leaves having high or low amounts of chlorophyll a and b, respectively. After bud break, etioplast-chloroplast conversion proceeded and the pigment contents increased in the leaves, similarly to the greening processes observed in illuminated etiolated seedlings under laboratory conditions. The pigment contents and the ratio of the different spectral forms had a high biological variability that could be attributed to (i) various light conditions due to light filtering in the buds resulting in differently etiolated leaf primordia, (ii) to differences in the light-exposed and inner regions of the same primordia in opening buds due to various leaf folding, and (iii) to tissue-specific slight variations of plastid ultrastructure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High biological variability of plastids, photosynthetic pigments and pigment forms of leaf primordia in buds

Solymosi

Morandi

Bóka

et al. 2011

Planta

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“…The origin can be a Fe deficiency (Abadia et al 1989, Fodor et al 1995 or an inhibition by the toxic metal of a key step (Baryla et al 2001, Schoefs and Franck 2003, Myśliwa-Kurdziel and Strzałka 2005, Schoefs and Bertrand 2005. For instance, Cd inhibits Chl biosynthesis through δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (Myśliwa-Kurdziel and Strzałka 2002), photoactive protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) and NADPH:Pchlide oxidoreductase (Myśliwa-Kurdziel et al 2003, Schoefs andBertrand 2005) by its interference with the sulfhydryl site (Prasad and Strzałka 1999).…”

Section: Molecular Components and Enzymatic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic organisms and excess of metals

2005

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When cells get metals in small excess, mechanisms of avoidance occur, such as exclusion, sequestration, or compartmentation. When the excess reaches sub-lethal concentrations, the oxidative stress, that toxic metals trigger, leads to persistent active oxygen species. Biomolecules are then destroyed and metabolism is highly disturbed. At the chloroplast level, changes in pigment content and lipid peroxidation are observed. The disorganized thylakoids impair the photosynthetic efficiency. The Calvin cycle is also less efficient and the photosynthetic organism grows slowly. When an essential metal is given together with a harmful one, the damages are less severe than with the toxic element alone. Combined metals and phytochelatins may act against metal toxicity.

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“…The formation of pigment aggregates can be of an order of dimers and of higher orders. A value of eight to nine pigments in an energy transfer unit has been suggested (Schoefs and Franck 2003). Pchlide aggregates in solution or in artificial films have strongly red shifted bands Láng 1984, Kotzabasis et al 1990).…”

Section: Localization Of Pchlide Forms Within the Plastidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red region excitation spectra of protochlorophyllide in dark-grown leaves from plant species with different proportions of its spectral forms

Amirjani¹,

Sundqvist²

2006

Photosynt.

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Etiolated leaves of three different species, maize, wheat, and pea, as well as a pea mutant (lip1) were used to compare the excitation spectra of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) in the red region. The species used have different composition of short-wavelength and long-wavelength Pchlide forms. The relation between different forms was furthermore changed through incubating the leaves in 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which caused an accumulation of short-wavelength Pchlide forms, as shown by changes in absorption and fluorescence spectra. This is the first time a comprehensive comparison is made between excitation spectra from different species covering an emission wavelength range of 675-750 nm using fluorescence equipment with electronic compensation for the variations in excitation irradiance. The different forms of Pchlide having excitations peaks at 628, 632, 637, 650, and 672 nm could be best measured at 675, 700, 710, 725, and 750 nm, respectively. Measuring emission at wavelengths between 675-710 nm gave an exaggeration of the short-wavelength forms and measuring at longer wavelengths gave for the pea leaves an exaggeration of the 672 nm peak. In general, an energy transfer from short-wavelength Pchlide forms to long-wavelength Pchlide forms occurred, but such an energy transfer sometimes seemed to be limited as a result of a discrete location of the Pchlide spectral forms. The excitation spectra resembling the absorption spectrum most were measured at an emission wavelength of 740 nm. Measuring the excitation at 710 nm gave higher intensity of the spectra but the short-wavelength forms were accentuated.

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Protochlorophyllide Reduction: Mechanisms and Evolution¶

Cited by 139 publications

References 177 publications

High biological variability of plastids, photosynthetic pigments and pigment forms of leaf primordia in buds

High biological variability of plastids, photosynthetic pigments and pigment forms of leaf primordia in buds

Photosynthetic organisms and excess of metals

Red region excitation spectra of protochlorophyllide in dark-grown leaves from plant species with different proportions of its spectral forms

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