Protocol for Development of the Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire: The Screening Version of the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism

Chakraborty, Surajit; Bhatia, Triptish; Sharma, Vikas Kumar; Antony, Nitin; Das, Dhritishree; Sahu, Sushree; Sharma, Surya Prakash; Shriharsh, Vandana; Brar, Jaspreet S.; Iyengar, Satish; Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit L.; Deshpande, Smita N.

doi:10.1177/0253717620969068

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The study was planned in phases [15]. This paper describes the methods and results of the first and second phases which are complete.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of a Capacity Building Task Force project of the Indian Council of Medical Research, a study was planned to develop a short, easy-to-use community screening tool based on the ISAA, which could be translated into Indian languages and has good psychometric properties [15].…”

Section: Indian Screening Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community screening has several advantages [12,13]. Diagnosis of autism is often delayed [14,15]. After India signed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities-UNCRPD [16], detecting autism at both younger and older ages became important so that all eligible persons could avail of disability concessions and benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric properties of a screening tool for autism in the community—The Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ)

et al. 2021

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Introduction Currently available screening questionnaires for Autism spectrum disorders were tested in developed countries, but many require additional training and many are unsuitable for older individuals, thus reducing their utility in lower/ middle- income countries. We aimed to derive a simplified questionnaire that could be used to screen persons in India. Methods We have previously validated Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA), that is now mandated for disability assessment by the Government of India. This detailed tool requires intensive training and it is time consuming. It was used to derive a new screening questionnaire: 1) items most frequently scored as positive by participants with autism in original ISAA validation study were modified for binary scoring following expert review. 2) In a new sample, clinically diagnosed individuals with/without autism were administered the screening tool and ISAA following written informed consent. Its psychometric properties were determined. Results A 10-item scale named Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ) was prepared in Hindi and English. Thereafter 145 parents/caregivers of participants (autism, n = 90, other psychiatric disorders, n = 55) (ages 3–18), were administered IASQ and ISAA (parents/caregivers plus observation) by separate interviewers, blind to each other and to diagnosis. At a cutoff of 1, sensitivity was 99%, specificity 62%, Positive Predictive Value 81%, and Negative Predictive Value 95%. Test-retest reliability was r = 0.767 (CI = 0.62–0.86) and interrater reliability- Krippendorff”s-alpha was 0.872. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) was 95%. There was a significant difference on IASQ-scores between participants with and without a clinical diagnosis of Autism (t = 14.57, p<0.0001). Discussion The IASQ is a simple, easy to use screening tool with satisfactory reliability and validity, that can be administered to caregivers in 15 minutes and provides information about DSM 5 criteria for autism. It may be applicable outside India, following additional adaptation, for community-based studies.

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“…The study was planned in phases [15]. This paper describes the methods and results of the first and second phases which are complete.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indian Screening Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric properties of a screening tool for autism in the community—The Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ)

et al. 2021

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“…Numerous screening tools are available for quantifying childhood and adulthood ASD [26][27][28][29][30][31][32], yet issues of validity are apparent. Recommended clinical screening measures for quantifying ASD in adulthood include the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) [33] the Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) [9,13,34].…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Decision Support for Adult Autism Diagnosis Using Machine Learning

Batsakis

Adamou

Tachmazidis

et al. 2022

Digital

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Adult referrals to specialist autism spectrum disorder diagnostic services have increased in recent years, placing strain on existing services and illustrating the need for the development of a reliable screening tool, in order to identify and prioritize patients most likely to receive an ASD diagnosis. In this work a detailed overview of existing approaches is presented and a data driven analysis using machine learning is applied on a dataset of adult autism cases consisting of 192 cases. Our results show initial promise, achieving total positive rate (i.e., correctly classified instances to all instances ratio) up to 88.5%, but also point to limitations of currently available data, opening up avenues for further research. The main direction of this research is the development of a novel autism screening tool for adults (ASTA) also introduced in this work and preliminary results indicate the ASTA is suitable for use as a screening tool for adult populations in clinical settings.

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“…The Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ) was developed and tested in the Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care teaching hospital. It was derived from and compared to the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA-the validated tool for detailed assessment of autism in India) [9][10][11]. The IASQ is a 10-item questionnaire with yes/no answers, specificity and sensitivity at cut off 1 are 99% and 62%, and at cut off 2 are 98% and 71%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ) and the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale–Second Edition (CARS2) in Indian settings

Chakraborty

Bhatia²,

Antony³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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The Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ), derived from the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism ISAA (the mandated tool for autism in India), is an autism screening instrument for use in the general population by minimally trained workers. While ISAA has 40 items with four anchor points, the IASQ is a 10-item questionnaire with yes/no answers. It was initially validated using the ISAA. During its development the ISAA was itself compared to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale version 1 (ISAA Manual). In the present study, we evaluated both the ISAA and the IASQ in relation to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale version 2 (CARS-2). Methods: Participants were recruited from three settings: a referral clinic for neurodevelopmental conditions run by the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital (NDC OPD), the outpatient department of an institute for disability and rehabilitation (NIEPID), and from the community (CGOC). Persons between ages 3–18 were recruited following consent or assent (parent and child/adolescent). The IASQ was administered by a minimally trained administrator. It was followed by ISAA and the CARS-2 (in alternating order, by different evaluators blind to each other) (CARS2 SV (Standard Version) and CARS2 HF (High Functioning) as applicable). Sensitivity, specificity and area under the Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curve were calculated for IASQ and CARS2, as well as for ISAA and CARS2. Concordance between CARS2 and ISAA was calculated using kappa coefficient. Results: A total of 285 participants (NIEPD n = 124; NDC OPD, n = 4; CGOC n = 157) (a total of 70 with autism and 215 controls) participated. IASQ and CARS2 were administered on 285 participants, while IASQ and ISAA were administered on 264 participants. When IASQ was compared to CARS2, sensitivity was 97%, specificity 81%, PPV 63%, NPV 99% at cut off 1 while these values were 97%, 92%, 79% and 99% respectively at cut off 2. There was high concordance between CARS2 and ISAA (Kappa 0.907, p<0.0001). Conclusions: IASQ has satisfactory sensitivity, specificity and concordance when compared with CARS2; it can be used for screening children with autism in community. The ISAA also showed a high concordance with CARS2, as it had with the older version of CARS.

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Protocol for Development of the Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire: The Screening Version of the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Psychometric properties of a screening tool for autism in the community—The Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ)

Psychometric properties of a screening tool for autism in the community—The Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ)

Data-Driven Decision Support for Adult Autism Diagnosis Using Machine Learning

Comparing the Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ) and the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale–Second Edition (CARS2) in Indian settings

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