Proton-Air Cross Section and Extensive Air Showers

Ulrich, R.; Engel, R.; Müller, Steffen; Schüßler, F.; Unger, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2009.09.064

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…At some level, the variations between the results of the different hadronic simulations provide us with an estimate of the systematic errors associated with our ignorance of the non-perturbative QCD necessary for a complete description of the shower development. Furthermore, we highlight to the reader the fact that these models only provide an incomplete scan of the full parameter space [25][26][27][28], leaving room for the possibility that the model actually realised by nature sits outside this range.…”

Section: Results In the Case Of Negligible Magnetic Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the heavy chemical composition of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays

Hooper¹,

Taylor²

2010

Astroparticle Physics

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Section: Results In the Case Of Negligible Magnetic Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the heavy chemical composition of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays

Hooper¹,

Taylor²

2010

Astroparticle Physics

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“…In cosmic-ray studies, the determination of the pp total cross-section from the protonair production cross-section is based on the Glauber formalism [9][10][11]. In this context, the nucleon-nucleon impact parameter amplitude (profile function) constitutes an important ingredient for the connection between hadron-hadron and hadron-nucleus scattering.…”

Section: Ratio Y Associated With Total Cross-section and Elastic Slopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond the accelerator energy region, cosmic-ray experiments constitute the only tool for investigating particle properties and their interactions. Studies on extensive air showers (EAS) [9] allow the determination of the proton-air production cross-section and from this quantity, it is possible to estimate the proton-proton cross-section [10,11] at energies above 50 TeV. However, in practice, the interpretation of the EAS development depends on extrapolations from theoretical formalisms that have been tested only in the accelerator energy region, resulting in rather large theoretical uncertainties, mainly in the estimation of the total cross-section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring central opacity and asymptotic scenarios in elastic hadron scattering

Fagundes¹,

Menon²,

Silva³

2016

Nuclear Physics A

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In the absence of a global description of the experimental data on elastic and soft diffractive scattering from the first principles of QCD, model-independent analyses may provide useful phenomenological insights for the development of the theory in the soft sector. With that in mind, we present an empirical study on the energy dependence of the ratio X between the elastic and total cross sections; a quantity related to the evolution of the hadronic central opacity. The dataset comprises all the experimental information available on proton-proton and antiproton-proton scattering in the c.m energy interval 5 GeV -8 TeV. Generalizing previous works, we discuss four model-independent analytical parameterizations for X, consisting of sigmoid functions composed with elementary functions of the energy and three distinct asymptotic scenarios: either the standard black disk limit or scenarios above or below that limit. Our two main conclusions are the following: (1) although consistent with the experimental data, the black disk does not represent an unique solution; (2) the data reductions favor a semi-transparent scenario, with asymptotic average value for the ratioX = 0.30 ± 0.12. In this case, within the uncertainty, the asymptotic regime may already be reached around 1000 TeV. We present a comparative study of the two scenarios, including predictions for the inelastic channel (diffraction dissociation) and the ratio associated with the total cross-section and the elastic slope. Details on the selection of our empirical ansatz for X and physical aspects related to a change of curvature in this quantity at 80 -100 GeV, indicating the beginning of a saturation effect, are also presented and discussed.

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“…[89]). It is therefore difficult to draw a firm conclusion regarding primary composition at the highest energies based on current shower measurements.…”

Section: A Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Energy Cosmic Ray and Neutrino Astronomy

Waxman

2011

Integrated Science &Amp; Technology Program

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Cosmic-rays with energies exceeding 10 19 eV are referred to as Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs). The sources of these particles and their acceleration mechanism are unknown, and for many years have been the issue of much debate. The first part of this review describes the main constraints, that are implied by UHECR observations on the properties of candidate UHECR sources, the candidate sources, and the related main open questions. In order to address the challenges of identifying the UHECR sources and of probing the physical mechanisms driving them, a "multi-messenger" approach will most likely be required, combining electromagnetic, cosmic-ray and neutrino observations. The second part of the review is devoted to a discussion of high energy neutrino astronomy. It is shown that detectors, which are currently under construction, are expected to reach the effective mass required for the detection of high energy extra-Galactic neutrino sources, and may therefore play a key role in the near future in resolving the main open questions. The detection of high energy neutrinos from extra-Galactic sources will not only provide constraints on the identity and underlying physics of UHECR sources, but may furthermore provide information on fundamental neutrino properties.

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Proton-Air Cross Section and Extensive Air Showers

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

On the heavy chemical composition of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays

On the heavy chemical composition of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays

Exploring central opacity and asymptotic scenarios in elastic hadron scattering

High Energy Cosmic Ray and Neutrino Astronomy

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