Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Density Gradient

Braunmüller, F.; Nechaeva, Tatiana; Adli, E.; Agnello, R.; Aladi, M.; Andrèbe, Y.; Apsimon, O.; Apsimon, R.; Bachmann, Andreas; Baistrukov, M. A.; Batsch, F.; Bergamaschi, M.; Blanchard, P.; Burrows, Philip; Buttenschön, B.; Caldwell, A.; Chappell, J.; Chevallay, E.; Chung, М.; Cooke, D.; Damerau, Heiko; Davut, C.; Demeter, G.; Deubner, L. H.; Dexter, A.; Djotyan, G. P.; Doebert, S.; Farmer, John; Fasoli, A.; Fedosseev, Valentin; Fiorito, R.; Fonseca, Ricardo; Friebel, Florence; Furno, I.; Garolfi, Luca; Gessner, Spencer; Goddard, B.; Gorgisyan, Ishkhan; Gorn, A. A.; Granados, Eduardo; Granetzny, M.; Grulke, O.; Gschwendtner, Edda; Hafych, Vasyl; Hartin, A.; Helm, Anton; Henderson, J. R.; Howling, A.A.; Hüther, M.; Jacquier, R.; Jolly, S.; Kargapolov, I. Yu.; Kedves, M. Á.; Keeble, F.; Kelisani, Mohsen Dayyani; Kim, S. Y.; Kraus, Florian; Krupa, Michal; Lefèvre, T.; Li, Y.; Liang, Linbo; Liu, S.; Lopes, Nelson; Lotov, K. V.; Martyanov, M.; Mazzoni, Stefano; Godoy, D. Medina; Minakov, V. A.; Moody, J. T.; Guzmán, P. I. Morales; Moreira, M.; Muggli, P.; Panuganti, H.; Pardons, A.; Asmus, F. Peña; Perera, A.; Petrenko, Alexey; Pucek, J.; Pukhov, A.; Ráczkevi, B.; Ramjiawan, Rebecca; Rey, S.; Rühl, H.; Saberi, Hossein; Schmitz, O.; Senes, Eugenio; Sherwood, P.; Silva, L. O.; Spitsyn, R. I.; Tuev, P. V.; Turner, M.; Velotti, Francesco; Verra, L.; Verzilov, V.; Vieira, Jorge; Welsch, Carsten; Williamson, B.; Wing, M.; Wolfenden, Joseph; Woolley, Benjamin; Xia, Guoxing; Zepp, M.; Porta, G. Zevi Della

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.264801

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These images are part of a series that includes all measured g values. The experimental images for g = −2 and +2 %/m are displayed in [1] and together with the images displayed here show the same features.…”

Section: Density Profiles Of the Microbunch Trainmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…We showed the effects of plasma density gradients g on the SM of a 400 GeV proton bunch in an experimental paper [1]. These results clearly show that positive gradients along the plasma lead to a higher number of microbunches in the train with more charge per microbunch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…We obtain these images 2 m downstream from the plasma exit. The results were published in [1] and are reproduced in Fig. 2 (blue squares).…”

Section: Charge Of the Modulated Proton Bunchmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…During the SM growth of a long beam, the phase velocity of the wakefields is slower than the velocity of the drive bunch v b and evolves along the bunch ξ = z − ct and plasma z = ct [1,7,8]. The difference between the phase velocity and the bunch velocity is given by [7] |∆v| ≈ 1 2…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a constant density plasma, i.e., no gradient, these electrons could quickly dephase in the slow wakefields and gain little energy or even be defocused and lost. Plasma density gradients are also useful for maintaining particles of the drive bunch in phase with the wakefields, leading to trains with more microbunches [1], possibly leading to larger accelerating fields [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation and experimental study of proton bunch self-modulation in plasma with linear density gradients

Guzmán¹,

Muggli²,

Agnello³

et al. 2021

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported in [1]: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement.

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Section: Density Profiles Of the Microbunch Trainmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…We obtain these images 2 m downstream from the plasma exit. The results were published in [1] and are reproduced in Fig. 2 (blue squares).…”

Section: Charge Of the Modulated Proton Bunchmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Simulation and experimental study of proton bunch self-modulation in plasma with linear density gradients

Guzmán¹,

Muggli²,

Agnello³

et al. 2021

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

Verra,

Wyler,

Nechaeva

et al. 2023

Physics of Plasmas

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Self-modulation is a beam–plasma instability that is useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing the ratio between the initial transverse size of the bunch and the plasma skin depth, the instability occurs later along the bunch, or not at all, over a fixed plasma length because the amplitude of the initial wakefields decreases. We show cases for which self-modulation does not develop, and we introduce a simple model discussing the conditions for which it would not occur after any plasma length. Changing bunch size and plasma electron density also changes the growth rate of the instability. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a particle accelerator based on the self-modulation instability seeded by a relativistic ionization front, such as the future upgrade of the Advanced WAKefield Experiment.

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Wakefield decay in a radially bounded plasma due to formation of electron halo

Spitsyn

Lotov

2021

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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There is a new effect that can limit the lifetime of a weakly non-linear wakefield in a radially bounded plasma. If the drive beam is narrow, some of the plasma electrons fall out of the collective motion and leave the plasma radially, forming a negatively charged halo around it. These electrons repeatedly return to the plasma under the action of the charge separation field, interact with the plasma wave and cause its damping. The lowest-energy halo electrons take the energy from the wave more efficiently, because their trajectories are bent by the plasma wave towards the regions of the strongest acceleration. For correct accounting of the wave damping in simulations, it is necessary to take the simulation window at least twice as wide as the plasma.

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Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Density Gradient

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Simulation and experimental study of proton bunch self-modulation in plasma with linear density gradients

Simulation and experimental study of proton bunch self-modulation in plasma with linear density gradients

Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

Wakefield decay in a radially bounded plasma due to formation of electron halo

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