Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated Wild Panax ginseng

Abstract

Proximate analysis and antioxidant activity of cultivated wild Panax ginseng (CWPG) were investigated to provide fundamental information of CWPG with different ages and to increase its industrial application. Proximate analyses of CWPG with different ages were performed. Extraction of CWPG with different ages was carried out using heatreflux extraction, and their extraction yield, crude saponin content, ginsenoside content, and antioxidant activity were analyzed. Moisture content decreased, but crude fat and crude protein were increased with aging. Extraction yield and crude saponin contents did not show a specific pattern while 5-year-old CWPG revealed the highest extraction yield and crude saponin content. All CWPGs showed typical ginsenoside profiles containing C-K and Rh2 ginsenosides, which are not found in ginseng. The 3-year-old CWPG showed the highest antioxidant activity including total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Moreover, 3-year-old CWPG also revealed the highest acidic polysaccharide content. Therefore, these results suggested that 3-year-old CWPG, which is the cheapest, can be used in industrial application due to its high antioxidant activity and acidic polysaccharide content with similar ginsenoside profile compared to 5- and 7-year-old CWPGs.

Global Trends in Research on Wild-Simulated Ginseng: Quo Vadis?

“…The representative ginsenosides measured frequently are Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rh2, F2, and CK. Rh2 and CK are not detected in cultivated ginseng, but they are detected only in wild ginseng and WSG [54,55,57]. The components of WSG vary with age, harvest time, and cultivation environment.…”

“…WSG comprises general components, such as water, crude fat, crude protein, crude ash, and nitrogen, and effective components such as crude saponin, including ginsenosides, polyphenol content, acid polysaccharides, and flavonoids. These WSG components have remarkable effects on blood pressure control, liver functions, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, and anti-obesity effects [1,25,54,55]. Particularly, the polyphenol and flavonoid contents are related to anti-oxidation.…”

“…Particularly, the polyphenol and flavonoid contents are related to anti-oxidation. The acidic polysaccharide content helps to boost immunity [54,55]. Ginsenoside, a type of glycoside combined to a glycone and aglycone, gets absorbed and transformed in the body to cause several benefits [54,56].…”

Comprehensive comparison of nutritional constituents and antioxidant activity of cultivated ginseng, mountain-cultivated ginseng, and whole plant parts of mountain-cultivated ginseng

“…한국, 일본, 중국 등 동아시아와 유럽에서 뿌리 를 식용 또는 약용으로 이용하고 있으며 [4], 산양삼은 사포닌계 물질인 ginsenosides와 그 외에 polyacetylenes, phenolics, acidic polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloid, amino acids 유도체 [5,6] 등 의 유효성분을 포함하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재까지 산양삼 효능은 항산화 [7,8], 항암 [9], 혈중지질개선, 혈당강하, 항당뇨 [10], 항염증 [11], 면역 증진 [12,13], 간 보호 [14] 등이 있는 것으로 알 려져 있으며 재배삼에 비해 약리 효능 및 ginsenosides 함량이 높은 것으로 보고되어 효능 또한 뛰어남을 인정받고 있다 [15]. 최근에는 뿌리뿐만 아니라 잎과 줄기에 대한 관심이 증가하여 이에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 뿌리에 비해 미비한 실정 이며 [16], 인삼에 비해 재배가 어렵고 가격이 비싸 대체로 약재 로 이용되고 있어 전반적으로 산양삼에 대한 연구가 미비한 실 정이다 [17].…”