Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Profile of Brachystegia eurycoma Leaves

Abstract

Aim: This study investigated the proximate and phytochemical composition of Brachystegia eurycoma leaves.
 Methods: Crude ethanol extract of B. eurycoma leaves was obtained by cold extraction method. AOAC method was used for proximate analysis. Phytochemical profiling was done with qualitative phytochemical evaluation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical method. Matching and interpretation of the spectral was done with the National Institute standard and Technology (NIST05) library.
 Results: The proximate analysis result showed B. eurycoma leaves to be abundant in param­eters evaluated in the order of 31.47±0.43% Carbohydrate > 15.15±0.04% Ash > 14.45±0.15 crude fibre > 13.83±0.32 protein > 13.14±0.22 moisture > 1.97±0.01 fat. Qualitative phytochemical analysis detected alkaloid, saponin, tannin, diterpenes, phenol, quinine, flavonoid, protein, xanthoprotein and cardiac glycoside in the leaves of B. eurycoma. GC/MS data showed that the prevailing volatile bioactive compounds in ethanol leaf extract of B. eurycoma were 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (13.23%), cis-9-Hexadecenal (10.40%), Desulphosinigrin (10.34%), Phytol (7.58%), Hydroquinone (7.23%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (6.61%), Oleoyl chloride (6.10%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (5.89%), Hexadecanoic acid, (2.97%), Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-(1.94%), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) (1.92%).
 Conclusion: The result of this preliminary investigation reveals the potentials of B. eurycoma leaves as candidate for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutical industries.

The Biological Activity of Natural Alkaloids against Herbivores, Cancerous Cells and Pathogens

“…The acridone alkaloids, 5-hydroxynoracronycine—same compound of 11-hydroxynorac- ronycine ( 59 in Figure 9) and Acrimarine F ( 60 in Figure 9) were extracted from Citrus alata (Tanaka) plants and were found to be very effectiveagainst Epstein-Barr virus [166,167,168]. Columbamine, palmitine( 61, 62 in Figure 9), and berberine are alkaloids with potent activity against HIV-1 and can be found in many plants, includingAnnonaceae (Coelocline), Berberis vulgaris (Berberidaceae), Menispermaceae and Papaveraceae [169,170,171]. A concise summary of the antiviral activities of alkaloids 48–62 is depicted in Table 3.…”

Advances in Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Topical Review

“…The oleoyl chloride treatment involves the use of oleoyl chloride which are fatty acid derivatives, which reacts with the hydroxyl group of the cellulose present in the fiber, thus improving the adhesion to the matrix material and reducing the moisture content of fiber [34,100,101].…”

“…[243]. The interior parts of cars can be designed using long-life natural fibers [101]. The consumer electronics consisting of the polymer components are nonbiodegradable, especially their enclosures, but they can be replaced by low-cost and high-strength NFCs, thus reducing their harmful environmental impact.…”

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“…При обработке хлорангидридом олеиновой кислоты, являющейся производной жирной кислоты, он реагирует с гидроксильной группой целлюлозы, присутствующей в волокне, улучшая адгезию волокон к материалу матрицы и уменьшая в них содержание влаги [34,100,101].…”

“…КАНВ находят широкое применение в автомобильной промышленности, бытовой электронике, авиастроении и домашнем хозяйстве [243]. Внутренние части автомобилей могут быть изготовлены из долговечных натуральных волокон [101]. Бытовая электроника, состоящая из полимерных компонентов, особенно ее корпуса, не поддается биоразложению, но ее компоненты можно заменить на изготовленные из недорогих и высокопрочных КАНВ, уменьшив вредное воздействие на окружающую среду.…”