Proximate Composition and Nutritive Value of Some Leafy Vegetables from Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract

The supply of nutrients and proximate matter is insufficient to fulfil the dietary needs of the quickly expanding human population. Green leafy vegetables can prove economical sources of minerals, vitamins and fibers to overcome nutritional deficiencies. Five leafy vegetables (Brassica juncea, Spinacia oleracea, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Chenopodium album and Lactuca sativa) were collected from a horticulture garden and vegetable market for the evaluation of their proximate matter and nutritional composition. Their contents of proximate (moisture, ash, fats, fibers, carbohydrates and protein), minerals (Ca2+, K+ and P+) and anti-nutrients were examined using standard protocols. The contents of fats (0.43 mg g−1f.w.) in S. oleracea; fibers (0.8 mg g−1f.w.) in S. olerace; carbohydrates (0.89 mg g−1f.w.); in B. juncea, proteins (0.91 mg g−1f.w.) in L. sativa; and vitamin A (1.18 mg g−1f.w.) in C. album from the horticulture garden were high enough to meet the daily dietary requirements of adults. Tannins were higher in species collected from the market, which is toxic for human health. It is concluded that vegetables of horticulture garden grown in suitable environmental conditions possess better nutritional composition as compared to vegetables purchased from markets. However, a large-scale research is needed for the analysis of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, anti-nutrients and heavy metals in leafy vegetables. Further research on ethnomedicinal attributes of leafy vegetables is recommended.

RETRACTED: Combined effect of Zinc lysine and biochar on growth and physiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to alleviate salinity stress

“…Results are in line with the above studies that excessive uptake of sodium ions (Na + ) is found in roots, shoots, and grains. Furthermore, the application of zinc–lysine enhanced the P, Fe, K, and Zn concentrations in roots, shoots, and grains of wheat as compared with control, as described in other studies ( Mobeen et al., 2021 ; Saleem et al., 2021 ). The application of biochar decreased Na + in roots and shoots ( Farouk and AL-Huqail, 2022 ).…”

“…The application of biochar decreased Na + in roots and shoots ( Farouk and AL-Huqail, 2022 ). Plants have the ability to maintain an optimal K + : Na + ratio in the cytosol, which impacts their ability to survive in saline circumstances ( Mobeen et al., 2021 ; Saleem et al., 2021 ). The results of this study showed that overall wheat growth, physiology, nutrient uptake, and oxidant and antioxidant enzyme activity were regulated with zinc–lysine and biochar application.…”

Foliar Application of Liquid Micronutrient Formulation for Improving Quality of Panner Grapes

“…Similar observations have been documented in apple and grapevine studies [21,26,27]. Moreover, previous reports also documented that foliar sprays of micronutrients have led to increased sugar contents in strawberry, pomegranate, and grape crops [28][29][30].…”

Impact of foliar application of syringic acid on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under heavy metal stress-insights into nutrient uptake, redox homeostasis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense

“…For example, guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) significantly contribute to regulating the cellular redox homeostasis to a safe level ( Saleem et al, 2020c ; Afzal et al, 2021 ; Amna et al, 2021 ; Yasmin et al, 2021 ; Khan et al, 2022 ). However, under Pb toxicity, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disturbs this redox equilibrium ( Farid et al, 2013 ; Mallhi et al, 2019 ; Mobeen et al, 2021 ). ROS-induced lipid membrane peroxidation and oxidative stress interrupt normal metabolic activities and damage biological molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; ultimately leading to cellular destruction ( Rehman et al, 2019 ; Saleem et al, 2020b ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Xiong et al, 2021 ).…”