PS1 - 8. Brown adipose tissue volume is markedly lower in healthy lean adolescents from South Asian compared to white Caucasian origin

Bakker, Leontine E. H.; Boon, Mariëtte R.; Linden, Rianne A. D. van der; Arias-Bouda, Lenka M. Pereira; Smit, Frits; Jukema, J. Wouter; Havekes, Louis M.; Lichtenbelt, Wouter D. van Marken; Jazet, Ingrid M.; Rensen, Patrick C.N.

doi:10.1007/s12467-013-0086-7

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, propanolol likely decreases TG combustion in BAT, which can explain the increased TG levels observed in propranolol-treated humans. Since active BAT is present and contributes to energy expenditure in humans (91)(92)(93)(94), this might indicate that BAT is crucially involved in TG clearance in humans. We therefore consider BAT as an attractive therapeutic target and propose that future research should be aimed at further delineating the role of this tissue in the regulation of TG metabolism.…”

Section: Summary Clinical Implications and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic nervous system control of triglyceride metabolism: novel concepts derived from recent studies

Geerling

Boon

Kooijman

et al. 2014

Journal of Lipid Research

Self Cite

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dyslipidemia is one of the classical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) besides hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and smoking ( 1 ). Dyslipidemia is defi ned as an elevation of plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), or both, with or without a lowering of HDLcholesterol (HDL-C) ( 2 ). Whereas elevated LDL-C is a well-established major predictor of CVD and has been the primary target for lipid-lowering strategies, evidence suggests that an elevated TG level is an independent risk factor for CVD development as well ( 3, 4 ). Plasma TG levels are considered elevated when they exceed 150 mg/dl, which is observed in 31% of the adult US population ( 5 ). Although hypertriglyceridemia can be caused by rare monogenic disorders, it is mostly caused by a complex interaction between environmental factors and subtle variations in genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism ( 5 ). Current treatments for hypertriglyceridemia are aimed at either increasing TG clearance (e.g., fi brates) ( 6 ) or at decreasing lipolysis in WAT (e.g., niacin) ( 7 ). In addition, reduction of VLDL-TG production lowers plasma TG levels (e.g., exendin-4) ( 8 ).In recent years, the autonomic nervous system, which consists of a sympathetic and a parasympathetic branch, emerged as an important regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Whereas the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the regulation of glucose metabolism has been fi rmly established (for review, see Ref. 9 ), considerably fewer studies have focused on its role in TG metabolism. This review provides an update specifi cally on the role of Abstract Important players in triglyceride (TG) metabolism include the liver (production), white adipose tissue (WAT) (storage), heart and skeletal muscle (combustion to generate ATP), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) (combustion toward heat), the collective action of which determine plasma TG levels. Interestingly, recent evidence points to a prominent role of the hypothalamus in TG metabolism through innervating the liver, WAT, and BAT mainly via sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Here, we review the recent fi ndings in the area of sympathetic control of TG metabolism. Various neuronal populations, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing neurons and melanocortin-expressing neurons, as well as peripherally produced hormones (i.e., GLP-1, leptin, and insulin), modulate sympathetic outfl ow from the hypothalamus toward target organs and thereby infl uence peripheral TG metabolism. We conclude that sympathetic stimulation in general increases lipolysis in WAT, enhances VLDL-TG production by the liver, and increases the activity of BAT with respect to lipolysis of TG, followed by combustion of fatty acids toward heat. Moreover, the increased knowledge about the involvement of the neuroendocrine system in TG metabolism presented in this review offers new therapeutic options to fi ght hypertriglyceridemia by specifi cally modulating sympathetic nervous system outfl ow toward liver, BAT, or WAT .-Geerling, J. J., M. R. B...

show abstract

Section: Summary Clinical Implications and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%