Pseudoexfoliative Fibrillopathy in the Conjunctiva

Streeten, Barbara W.; Bookman, Linda M.; Ritch, Robert; Prince, Andrew M.; Dark, A. J.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33268-3

Cited by 57 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Some investigators documented accumulated pseudoexfoliation material in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells as well as in pericytes [15, 16]. Electron microscopy discloses amyloid-like material that may represent a form of elastosis, because elastin is a major component of the extracellular matrix of arterioles [31]. All these cell types have a regulatory role for local microcirculation [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Blood Flow Velocities of the Extraocular Vessels in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

et al. 2001

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Purpose: To evaluate orbital blood flow velocities in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) or primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Blood flow velocities in the ophthalmic, central retinal, and posterior ciliary arteries were evaluated by color Doppler imaging in 26 patients with PXG, 28 patients with POAG and 30 age-matched normal control subjects. The results were compared. Results: Compared to the control subjects, patients with PXG showed statistically significant decreases in the mean peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities and increased mean resistive indices in all vessels except for the ophthalmic artery mean peak systolic velocity (p < 0.05). Patients with POAG, when compared to the control subjects, showed statistically significant decreases in the mean end-diastolic velocities and increased mean resistive indices in all vessels measured (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the mean blood flow parameters between POAG and PXG. Conclusion: Blood flow velocities of the retrobulbar vessels are decreased in patients with PXG. Reduced blood flow velocities may be secondary as well as contributory to exfoliative glaucomatous damage. Although there was no significant difference in the mean blood flow parameters between POAG and PXG, alterations of retrobulbar vessels might be associated with different pathogenic mechanisms of PXG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Blood Flow Velocities of the Extraocular Vessels in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

et al. 2001

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“…PXS has been strongly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms of the lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene, which is one of a group of enzymes involved in the crosslinking of collagen and elastin in the ECM [30,31]. The proliferation and degeneration of elastic elements, termed elastosis, is manifested ultrastructurally by increased production of elastic microfibrils, large bizarre elastic fibers, atypical aggregation and abnormal surrounding matrix [32]. The lamina cribrosa is composed of collagen fibers and elastin [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic Differences between Normotensive and Hypertensive Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Shin,

Park,

Lee

2024

JCM

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Purpose: To compare the differences between eyes with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) when they are divided into two groups (hypertensive PXG and normotensive PXG) according to the intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: This is a retrospective study. Data from 86 hypertensive PXG eyes and 80 normotensive PXG eyes were included. Hypertensive PXG was defined as PXG with IOP ≥22 mmHg, and normotensive PXG was defined as with IOP ≤21 mmHg). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by ultrasound pachymetry. Lamina cribrosa thickness (LT) was evaluated using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Results: No significant differences were observed between hypertensive and normotensive PXG in terms of age, gender, axial length, hypertension, or diabetes. Normotensive PXG eyes had thinner CCT than hypertensive PXG eyes (p = 0.02). To compare LT, a sub-analysis was performed after matching age, VF MD and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. The normotensive PXG group (n = 32) demonstrated significantly thinner LT compared with the hypertensive PXG group (n = 32) at similar ages and levels of glaucoma severity (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Eyes with normotensive PXG demonstrated thinner CCT and LT compared with those with hypertensive PXG, suggesting structural vulnerability to glaucoma.

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“…In the eye, PEXM can be found in anterior segment structures and conjunctiva (Ritch & Schlötzer‐Schrehardt, 2001; Streeten et al, 1987). PEXM and liberated iris pigment, a PEX hallmark, may accumulate at the TM and increase AH outflow resistance (Figure 4b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary glaucoma: Toward interventions based on molecular underpinnings

Mueller,

Lam,

Kishor

et al. 2023

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of progressive diseases that leads to irreversible blindness. Secondary glaucoma refers to glaucoma caused by a known underlying condition. Pseudoexfoliation and pigment dispersion syndromes are common causes of secondary glaucoma. Their respective deposits may obstruct the trabecular meshwork, leading to aqueous humor outflow resistance, ocular hypertension, and optic neuropathy. There are no disease‐specific interventions available for either. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is characterized by fibrillar deposits (pseudoexfoliative material) on anterior segment structures. Over a decade of multiomics analyses taken together with the current knowledge on pseudoexfoliative glaucoma warrant a re‐think of mechanistic possibilities. We propose that the presence of nucleation centers (e.g., vitamin D binding protein), crosslinking enzymes (e.g., transglutaminase 2), aberrant extracellular matrix, flawed endocytosis, and abnormal aqueous‐blood barrier contribute to the formation of proteolytically resistant pseudoexfoliative material. Pigment dispersion syndrome is characterized by abnormal iridolenticular contact that disrupts iris pigment epithelium and liberates melanin granules. Iris melanogenesis is aberrant in this condition. Cytotoxic melanogenesis intermediates leak out of melanosomes and cause iris melanocyte and pigment epithelium cell death. Targeting melanogenesis can likely decrease the risk of pigmentary glaucoma. Skin and melanoma research provides insights into potential therapeutics. We propose that specific prostanoid agonists and fenofibrates may reduce melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol internalization and de novo synthesis. Additionally, melatonin is a potent melanogenesis suppressor, antioxidant, and hypotensive agent, rendering it a valuable agent for pigmentary glaucoma. In pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, where environmental insults drive pseudoexfoliative material formation, melatonin's antioxidant and hypotensive properties may offer adjunct therapeutic benefits.This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology

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Pseudoexfoliative Fibrillopathy in the Conjunctiva

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of Blood Flow Velocities of the Extraocular Vessels in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Comparison of Blood Flow Velocities of the Extraocular Vessels in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Characteristic Differences between Normotensive and Hypertensive Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Secondary glaucoma: Toward interventions based on molecular underpinnings

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