PsiOvi Staging Model for Schizophrenia (PsiOvi SMS): A New Internet Tool for Staging Patients with Schizophrenia

Abstract

Background. One of the challenges of psychiatry is the staging of patients, especially those with severe mental disorders. Therefore, we aim to develop an empirical staging model for schizophrenia. Methods. Data were obtained from 212 stable outpatients with schizophrenia: demographic, clinical, psychometric (PANSS, CAINS, CDSS, OSQ, CGI-S, PSP, MATRICS), inflammatory peripheral blood markers (C-reactive protein, interleukins-1RA and 6, and platelet/lymphocyte [PLR], neutrophil/lymphocyte [NLR], and monocyte/lymphocyte [MLR] ratios). We used machine learning techniques to develop the model (genetic algorithms, support vector machines) and applied a fitness function to measure the model's accuracy (% agreement between patient classification of our model and the CGI-S). Results. Our model includes 12 variables from 5 dimensions: 1) psychopathology: positive, negative, depressive, general psychopathology symptoms; 2) clinical features: number of hospitalizations; 3) cognition: processing speed, visual learning, social cognition; 4) biomarkers: PLR, NLR, MLR; and 5) functioning: PSP total score. Accuracy was 62% (SD = 5.3), and sensitivity values were appropriate for mild, moderate, and marked severity (from 0.62106 to 0.6728). Discussion. We present a multidimensional, accessible, and easy-to-apply model that goes beyond simply categorizing patients according to CGI-S score. It provides clinicians with a multifaceted patient profile that facilitates the design of personalized intervention plans.

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“…This is a secondary-analysis, naturalistic, cross-sectional study that aims to develop a staging model for schizophrenia ( Martínez-Cao et al, 2024 ). The study followed the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines.…”