Psittaciformes Locomotion

Gupta, Sonali N.; Cruz, Maria Santa; Maqsood, Fatima; Granatosky, Michael C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1730-1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We additionally collected substrate reaction forces (SRFs) during vertical climbing, a behaviour during which it has been suggested that Psittaciformes use their beak [4][5][6]11,12]. Fore-aft (Fx) and tangential (Fz) SRFs were collected (1250 Hz) for the beak, hindlimb and tail as the birds climbed an instrumented vertical runway (0.15 m × 0.61 m) using an Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc. (AMTI) small-load force plate (model HE6X6; load capacity = 4 N; Watertown, MA) mounted with a custom three-dimensional printed platform (0.045 m × 0.076 m).…”

Section: (B) Kinetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Overcoming a ‘forbidden phenotype’: the parrot's head supports, propels and powers tripedal locomotion

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

No vertebrate, living or extinct, is known to have possessed an odd number of limbs. Despite this ‘forbidden phenotype’, gaits that use odd numbers of limbs (e.g. tripedalism or pentapedalism) have evolved in both avian and mammalian lineages. Tripedal locomotion is commonly employed by parrots during climbing, who use their beaks as an additional support. However, it is unclear whether the beak functions simply as a stabilizing hook, or as a propulsive limb. Here, we present data on kinetics of tripedal climbing in six rosy-faced lovebirds ( Agapornis roseicollis ). Our findings demonstrate that parrots use cyclical tripedal gaits when climbing and the beak and hindlimbs generate comparable propulsive and tangential substrate reaction forces and power. Propulsive and tangential forces generated by the beak are of magnitudes equal to or greater than those forces generated by the forelimbs of humans and non-human primates during vertical climbing. We conclude that the feeding apparatus and neck flexors of parrots have been co-opted to function biomechanically as a propulsive third limb during vertical climbing. We hypothesize that this exaptation required substantive alterations to the neuromuscular system including enhanced force-generating capabilities of the neck flexors and modifications to locomotor central pattern generators.

show abstract

Section: (B) Kinetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This 'forbidden phenotype' is inherently reliant on the presence of a midline limb, but phylogenetic constraints of bilateral limb development circumvent such a possibility [1]. Despite the lack of odd-limbed tetrapods, tripedal and pentapedal gaits have emerged in multiple lineages, including mammals [2,3] and birds [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming a ‘forbidden phenotype’: the parrot's head supports, propels and powers tripedal locomotion

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Parrots (Order: Psittaciformes) represent one of the most striking and ecomorphologically diverse avian clades: spanning more than two orders of magnitude in body size (~10 g in Micropsitta to >3.6 kg in Strigops ) and occupying a broad array of ecological locations—from open desert to the tropical rainforests [ 1 , 2 ]. Along their way, parrots have conquered every continent barring Antarctica, including some of the earth’s most remote islands [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introduction: the Evolutionary History Of Parrotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Factors Influencing Parrot (Order: Psittaciformes) Success in Establishing Thriving Naturalized Populations within the Contiguous United States

Dickinson

Young

Tanis

et al. 2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parrots (Order: Psittaciformes) represent one of the most striking and ecomorphologically diverse avian clades, spanning more than two orders of magnitude in body size with populations occupying six continents. The worldwide diaspora of parrots is largely due to the pet trade, driven by human desire for bright, colorful, and intelligent animals as companions. Some introduced species have aptly inserted themselves into the local ecosystem and established successful breeding colonies all around the globe. Notably, the United States is home to several thriving populations of introduced species including red-masked parakeets (Psittacara erythrogenys), monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus), nanday conures (Aratinga nenday), and red-crowned amazons (Amazona viridigenalis). Their incredible success globally begs the question as to how these birds adapt so readily to novel environments. In this commentary, we trace parrots through evolutionary history, contextualize existent naturalized parrot populations within the contiguous United States, and provide a phylogenetic regression analysis of body mass and brain size based on success in establishing breeding populations. The propensity for a parrot species to become established appears to be phylogenetically driven. Notably, parrots in the family Cacatuidae and Neotropical Pyrrhua appear to be poor at establishing themselves in the United States once released. Although brain size among Psittaciformes did not show a significant impact on successful breeding in the continental United States, we propose that the success of parrots can be attributed to their charismatic nature, significant intelligence relative to other avian lineages, and behavioral flexibility.

show abstract

What does climbing mean exactly? Assessing spatiotemporal gait characteristics of inclined locomotion in parrots

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Psittaciformes Locomotion

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Overcoming a ‘forbidden phenotype’: the parrot's head supports, propels and powers tripedal locomotion

Overcoming a ‘forbidden phenotype’: the parrot's head supports, propels and powers tripedal locomotion

Patterns and Factors Influencing Parrot (Order: Psittaciformes) Success in Establishing Thriving Naturalized Populations within the Contiguous United States

What does climbing mean exactly? Assessing spatiotemporal gait characteristics of inclined locomotion in parrots

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About