PSK to CSK mapping for hybrid systems involving the radio frequency and the visible spectrum

Hybrid trellis coded modulation (HTCM) for visible light communications

“…This is done by converting the complex plane to a colour constellation (see Section 7.1). The transmitted colour is obtained by conversion of the PSK complex symbol z j , using the colour wheel [1,6]. z j is defined by its modulus ρ j = z j and its phase θ j = arg(z j ).…”

“…This requires a different communication technology to supply VLC, which will be used to connect the end user. This additional communication technology represents a pivot network for the VLC channel [1,[5][6][7][8][9]. RF, power line communications (PLC) and fibre optics (FO) are examples of technologies that may serve as a backbone for VLC.…”

“…The M-ary phase shift keying-colour shift keying (MPSK-CSK) [1,6] is an example of cascaded systems with VLC where the pivot channel exploits PSK and VLC uses CSK. In the MPSK-CSK scheme, the amplitude and phase of the signal detected over the pivot network is converted to hue (H), saturation (S) and value (V ).…”

“…It uses the phase and the magnitude information of the MPSK's (with TCM) complex symbols to design a CSK constellation, and, control the communication efficiency and the lighting level. It is proved in [1,6] that as the saturation (S) and the value (V ) of the colour vary, the communication performance of the system varies, and so does the lighting performance. The proposed HTCM scheme is motivated by the following realities: i.…”

Power line communications (PLC) technology: More than 20 years of intense research

“…The applications of PLC are not limited to the aforementioned areas as the technology has also been explored for in‐vehicle, in‐aircraft, in‐ships, and in‐trains communications, to mention only a few. Moreover, in the past 3 to 4 years, PLC has been investigated to be used as a backbone network for many other communication technologies such as visible light communications (VLC) . It can also be used as backbone for near‐field communications (NFC), which constitutes an open research topic.…”