Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adults and Their Children in Italy

Davico, Chiara; Ghiggia, Ada; Marcotulli, Daniele; Ricci, Federica; Amianto, Federico; Vitiello, Benedetto

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.572997

Cited by 97 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…According to the IES-R scores, 21.6% of parents were mildly, 7.5% moderately, and 33.6% were severely affected. In a similar study conducted in Italy, 33.2% of parents were found to be severely affected [ 1 ]. In CRIES-13, a score of 30 and over defines a risk for PTSD [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of millions of people have been severely restricted because of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus [ 1 ]. To be able to control the spread of the pandemic in Turkey, schools, universities, parks, theaters and cinemas, restaurants, etc., have been closed since the end of March 2020 and restrictions have also been imposed in other areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traumatic Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Middle School Students and Caregivers

Terzioğlu¹,

Büber

2021

Psychiatry Investig

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Objective To investigate the traumatic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on middle-school students and their parents. Methods This epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted with middle-school students in Denizli. A questionnaire consisting of the IES-R, CRIES-13 and a sociodemographic data form was delivered online. A total of 1059 participants who fully completed the questionnaire were included for analysis. Results The IES-R total and subdimension scores and the CRIES-13 scores were found to be significantly higher in families with an income level of ≤2,500 TL. The CRIES-13 scores of children were found to be significantly higher in divorced families. No statistically significant difference was determined between the IES-R total and subdimension scores of the parents who were healthcare workers and the CRIES-13 scale scores of their children. Conclusion A statistically significant, positive, moderate relationship was found between the IES-R scale total and subdimension scores of parents and the CRIES-13 scale scores of children. A low socioeconomic level was seen to increase the prevalence of anxiety in adults and adolescents. The children of divorced families were found to be at higher risk of PTSD. Successful management of mental health symptoms in parents will reflect positively on the mental health status of their children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Middle School Students and Caregivers

Terzioğlu¹,

Büber

2021

Psychiatry Investig

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“…A cut-off of 8 points was used on the ISI to assess mild insomnia (21). A cut-off of 24 points was used on the IES-R to assess mild psychological stress symptom (25,26).…”

Section: Mental Health Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychological Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Pregnant Women in China

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been reported to have negative psychological impact on mental health. Nonetheless, there are few studies investigating the impacts on pregnant women. This study investigated the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women, and the associated risk factors that moderated this impact.Methods and Materials: A total of 2,798 pregnant participants were recruited from the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess depression, generalized anxiety disorder and insomnia, respectively, during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, over one third of pregnant participants reported mild depression, around 20% experienced mild generalized anxiety, about one third reported problems with sleeping, and more than 15% felt mild psychological stress. The occurrence of psychological problems was significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic when compared to before the outbreak. The previously described pattern that pregnant women in the first trimester are more likely to report depression, and those in the third trimester are more likely to report insomnia and psychological stress, was also recognized in our study population. Mental health issues existing before the outbreak were risk factors, while family support was a protective factor in the occurrence of the measured mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: Our data suggest pregnant women's mental health is inevitably affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pregnant women in the first and third trimester and those who experienced mental issues before the outbreak may be particularly affected.

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“…The response for each question was scored based on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), generating a total score (range from 0 to 88), with higher scores indicating a higher psychological impact. The total IES-R score was divided into four categories regarding the psychological impact: normal (0 to 23), mild (24 to 32), moderate (33 to 36), and severe (≥ 37) [27]. The third part of the questionnaire focused on negative indicators of mental health, whereby respondents were asked if they were experiencing increased stress from work, financial status, and/or from staying at home during the pandemic.…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of coronavirus 2019 on mental health and lifestyle adaptations of pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

Hashim

Coussa

Dhaheri

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background In light of the pandemic, pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to increased psychological distress and in need of imperative preventive measures. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on mental health, lifestyle adaptations, and their determinants among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates. Methods A survey was conducted electronically between June and August 2020. Pregnant women were recruited from prenatal clinics in the UAE and invited to participate in an online survey developed on Google Forms. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, the Impact of Event Scale- Revised, the Perceived Support Scale and lifestyle-related factors. Results A total of 384 pregnant women completed the questionnaire of whom 20.6% were in their 1st trimester, 46.1% in their 2nd and 33.3% in their 3rd trimester. The mean IES-R score for the respondents was 26.15 ± 13.55, corresponding to a mild stressful impact, which did not differ significantly among trimesters of pregnancy. Pregnant women expressed increased stress from staying home (64%), work (40%), feeling frightened (66%) and apprehensive (59%). Women reported increased support and sharing their feelings with family members (59%), mainly in the 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy (P < 0.05). There was a greater attention to mental health (48%), resting time (55.3%), and relaxing time (57.3%); while a decreased amount of time was spent engaging in physical activities (53.6%), which differed significantly between trimesters (P = 0.02). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a mild stressful impact among pregnant women in the UAE, braced by strong family support and self-care mental health behaviors.

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Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adults and Their Children in Italy

Cited by 97 publications

References 28 publications

Traumatic Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Middle School Students and Caregivers

Traumatic Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Middle School Students and Caregivers

The Psychological Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Pregnant Women in China

Impact of coronavirus 2019 on mental health and lifestyle adaptations of pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

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