Psychoneuroendocrinology

Abstract

Psychoneuroendocrinology is the study of endocrine functions ultimately controlled by the brain. In turn, many brain processes underlying mood and cognition are influenced by the hormonal products of the various endocrine organs. The main endocrine functions of the body organize development and growth, reproduction, homeostasis (temperature, fluids, minerals, and energy balance), and immunity. Although endocrine dysfunctions are often produced by direct organic disorders, many endocrine disorders have been traced to abnormal brain processes. Thus, the discipline of psychoneuroendocrinology focuses on an exploration of the relationships between mind, brain, and endocrine systems. The following account briefly describes the major constituents of the neuroendocrine system and focuses on how the brain, moods, and cognition regulate, and are regulated by, hormones.