Psychophysical and Ergogenic Effects of Synchronous Music during Treadmill Walking

Karageorghis, Costas I.; Mouzourides, Denis A.; Priest, David-Lee; Sasso, Tariq A.; Morrish, Daley J.; Walley, Carolyn L.

doi:10.1123/jsep.31.1.18

Cited by 159 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Studies have demonstrated that, although music moderates RPE at low-to-moderate intensities of exercise, it does not moderate RPE at intensities beyond anaerobic threshold (e.g., Bharani, Sahu, & Mathew, 2004;Boutcher & Trenske, 1990). Nonetheless, recent findings have served to challenge extant theory (e.g., Rejeski, 1985;Tenenbaum, 2001) insofar as appropriately selected music appears to moderate in-task affect during high-intensity activities (Hutchinson et al, 2011;Karageorghis et al, 2009). These findings were re-examined in the present study using a different exercise modality (swimming).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Effects Of Music During High-intenmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…There are now a number of well-controlled studies in the literature that attest to the psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of music across a wide range of physical activity modalities (e.g., Hutchinson et al, 2011;Karageorghis et al, 2009;Rendi et al, 2008). Many of the effects can be linked to existing theoretical frameworks to account for effects such as dissociation (Rejeski, 1985;Tenenbaum, 2001) or increased work output/efficiency through entrainment (Large, 2000).…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, both the synchronization effect and the motivational qualities of the music appeared to benefit performance in this instance. Karageorghis et al (2009) extended the 400-m study using a similar design to investigate the psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking. Participants began the task at 75% of their maximum heart rate and continued until volitional exhaustion.…”

Section: High-intensity Activity With Asynchronous Musicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lineage of work has assessed the psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of music in a range of dry land activities that include 400-m running (Simpson & Karageorghis, 2006), cycle ergometry (Anshel & Marisi, 1978), indoor rowing (Rendi, Szabo, & Szabó, 2008), treadmill walking (Karageorghis et al, 2009), and longdistance running (Terry, Karageorghis, Mecozzi Saha, & D'Auria, 2012). Psychological effects relate to how music influences mood, affect, emotion, attitudes, cognition, and behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of music in swimming

Karageorghis

Hutchinson

Jones

et al. 2013

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Highlights We assess the effects of asynchronous music in a swimming time trial. We had two contrasting music conditions and a no-music control. Participants swam significantly faster when exposed to either music condition. Both music conditions led to significantly higher state motivation. Use of asynchronous music had an ergogenic effect in the order of 2%. Music and Swimming 3 AbstractObjectives: Existing work using dry land exercise-related activities has shown that the careful application of music can lead to a range of benefits that include enhanced affect, lower perceived exertion, greater energy efficiency, and faster time trial performances. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of asynchronous music in swimming using a mixed-methods approach.Design: A mixed-model design was employed wherein there was a within-subjects factor (two experimental conditions and a control) and a between-subjects factor (gender). The experimental component of the study was supplemented by qualitative data that were analysed using inductive content analysis.Methods: Twenty six participants (M age = 20.0 years, age range: 18-23 years) underwent a period of habituation with Speedo Aquabeat MP3 players prior to the experimental phase.They were then administered two experimental trials (motivational and oudeterous music at 130 bpm) and a no-music control, during which they engaged in a 200-m freestyle swimming time trial.Results: Participants swam significantly faster when exposed to either music condition relative to control (p = .022,  p 2 = .18). Moreover, the music conditions were associated with higher state motivation (p = .016,  p 2 = .16) and more dissociative thoughts (p = .014,  p 2 = .16). Conclusions:Findings supported the hypothesis that the use of asynchronous music during a high-intensity task can have an ergogenic effect; this was in the order of 2% when averaged out across the two experimental conditions. The use of music, regardless of its motivational qualities, resulted in higher self-reported motivation as well as more dissociative thoughts. behavior. Psychophysical effects concern the reduction of perceptions of physical effort, which, in the music-related literature, are most often assessed using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Ergogenic effects relate to the use of music to improve physical performance by either delaying fatigue or increasing work capacity; this results in higher-than-expected levels of endurance, power, productivity, or strength (see Terry & Karageorghis, 2011).Extant work has shown that music use is not effective for some people under certain circumstances (e.g., while learning new skills) and might even be contraindicated in some instances (e.g., when it might distract users from safety-relevant information, such as on public roads; see Karageorghis & Priest, 2012a, 2012b for a review). Also, a "vitamin model" wherein a particular piece of music can be prescribed to engender certain perceptual, cognitive, or emotion...

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Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Effects Of Music During High-intenmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High-intensity Activity With Asynchronous Musicmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of music in swimming

Karageorghis

Hutchinson

Jones

et al. 2013

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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“…Previous studies have tested effects of synchronous music, with ergogenic effects reported in treadmill walking 9 , cycle ergometry 10 , and 400 m running 11 . Synchronous use of music represents a form of auditory-motor synchronisation in which a runner and the music serve as oscillators; each generating its own rhythm yet sharing a common frequency 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%