Psychosis and brain volume changes during the first five years of schizophrenia

Cahn, Wiepke; Rais, Monica; Stigter, F.P.; Haren, Neeltje E.M. van; Caspers, Esther; Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff; Xu, Zhida; Schnack, Hugo G.; Kahn, René S.

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.10.006

Cited by 93 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Some patients have been found to have a reduced brain volume compared to healthy controls (Schlaepfer et al, 1994;McDonald et al, 2002;Selemon et al, 2002;Cahn et al, 2009). The disease might be related to some minor brain atrophy along its development as further suggested by the finding of enlarged ventricles and thinner cortices in patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

MRI and X-ray scanning images of the brain of 3-, 6- and 9-month-old rats with bilateral neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions

et al. 2010

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

MRI and X-ray scanning images of the brain of 3-, 6- and 9-month-old rats with bilateral neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions

et al. 2010

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“…With respect to schizophrenia, these psychopathologic considerations stem from the awareness of its chronic and neurodegenerative disorder, associated with cerebral volume deficits embedded in a network of cortical and subcortical regions [29]. Anatomical deficits are more severe in patients who have experienced more than one episode of illness [30,31,32,33]. As a consequence, there may be a window of therapeutic opportunity to ameliorate the long-term course of illness by minimizing neurodegenerative progression through the reduction of the DUP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Long-Term Outcomes Be Improved by Shortening the Duration of Untreated Illness in Psychiatric Disorders? A Conceptual Framework

et al. 2012

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The duration of untreated illness (DUI), meaning the latency to the pharmacological treatment, has been increasingly investigated in the last decade as a predictor of outcome across different psychiatric conditions, particularly in psychotic disorders. DUI is essentially computed by subtracting the age of onset of a specific disorder from the age at which the first adequate pharmacological treatment is administered. Assessment of the latency to treatment represents one of the first steps in planning early interventions. This review examines the role of the DUI in psychotic and affective disorders, focusing on neuropathological, epidemiologic, clinical and prognostic factors related to a longer latency to treatment. Through a Medline and Cochrane Library search, relevant studies up to June 2011 and other pertinent articles including meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, naturalistic studies and clinical reviews were identified. Converging evidence indicates that a prolonged DUI negatively influences the outcome of first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia in different ways, and increasing data point toward a similar conclusion in affective disorders. Even though methodological limitations related to investigation of the DUI need to be considered, research and interventions aimed to reduce latency to treatments are object of increasing implementation worldwide. The assessment of the DUI represents one of the most important parameters to consider in this perspective, in order to quantify different latency to treatment in specific disorders and to plan related, targeted interventions.

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“…Since psychosis is a developmental condition, 10 it is reasonable to expect different biological findings at different stages of clinical presentation. As HCC might provide long-term data regarding cortisol secretion, 1 analyses of HCC are interesting for more comprehensive studies of possible abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding has reliably been reported in FEP. 9,10 Several methods have been proposed to assess HPA axis functions, including assessments of ACTH levels, dexamethasone suppression tests, and assessments of cortisol levels in body fluids, serum, saliva, and urine. 11 Saliva and serum measures reflect circulating cortisol, and urine samples provide data about cortisol secretion over periods no longer than 24 h. 11 As short-term measures, these levels are strongly affected by acute events, such as the stress of evaluation and the collection of the sample itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair cortisol in drug-naïve first-episode individuals with psychosis

Andrade

Rizzo

Noto

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objectives: To compare hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and healthy controls and to investigate the correlations between HCC and psychopathology. Methods: Twenty-four drug-naïve FEP patients and 27 gender-and age-matched healthy control subjects were recruited. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-1) was used to confirm/ rule out diagnoses, and the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptom severity. Hair samples (2-3 cm long) obtained from the posterior vertex region of the scalp were processed in 1-cm segments considering a hair growth rate of 1 cm per month. The 1-cm segments were classified according to their proximity to the scalp: segment A was the closest to the scalp and referred to the month prior to inclusion in the study. Segments B and C referred to the 2nd and 3rd months prior to the time of evaluation respectively. Hair steroid extraction was performed using a known protocol. Results: Two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with gender and age as covariates revealed a group effect (F 1.106 = 4.899, p = 0.029) on HCC. Between-segment differences correlated with total PANSS score and with PANSS General Psychopathology subscale and total score. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as assessed by long-term (3-month) cortisol concentration, is abnormal in the early stages of psychosis. The magnitude of changes in HCC over time prior to the FEP correlates to psychopathology. HPA axis abnormalities might begin prior to full-blown clinical presentation requiring hospital admission.

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Psychosis and brain volume changes during the first five years of schizophrenia

Cited by 93 publications

References 27 publications

MRI and X-ray scanning images of the brain of 3-, 6- and 9-month-old rats with bilateral neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions

MRI and X-ray scanning images of the brain of 3-, 6- and 9-month-old rats with bilateral neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions

Can Long-Term Outcomes Be Improved by Shortening the Duration of Untreated Illness in Psychiatric Disorders? A Conceptual Framework

Hair cortisol in drug-naïve first-episode individuals with psychosis

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