Psychosocial Correlates of Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Biobehavioral Approach

Boss, Lisa; Kang, Duck-Hee; Bergstrom, Nancy; Leasure, J. Leigh

doi:10.15640/ijn.v2n1a5

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Higher scores indicate higher levels of loneliness. Considered a reliable instrument, Cronbach's α is 0.86 in the older adult population [39]. Cronbach's α was 0.91 in this study.…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Possible scores range from 0 to 15, and a higher score indicates better executive function. Commonly used in the older adult population, Cronbach's α is adequate at 0.86 [39]. Cronbach's α was 0.83 in this study.…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…A score of 0-5 is normal and a score greater than 5 suggests depression [45]. Cronbach's α is adequate at 0.71 in the older adult [39]. Cronbach's α was 0.79 in this study.…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Scores are summed and a higher score indicates a higher perceived stress level with the possible score range of 0-40. The PSS is considered a reliable instrument in older adults with a Cronbach's α of 0.76 [39]. Cronbach's α was 0.83 in this study.…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In a cross-sectional study, 88 older adults participated. Sample size was calculated with power analysis based on the correlation between loneliness and executive function found in a similar population of author's previous study [39]. Based on r =´0.30, alpha at 0.05, and statistical power set at 0.8, a sample size of 80 participants was calculated.…”

Section: Design and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biobehavioral Examination of Religious Coping, Psychosocial Factors, and Executive Function in Homebound Older Adults

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Although many homebound older adults cope well using various resources, including religious coping strategies, some experience prolonged and unresolved psychosocial distress resulting in biological disruptions, such as hypercortisolism and increased inflammation, which are suggested mechanisms of decreased executive function. Purpose: To examine relationships of religious coping, psychosocial factors (stress, depression, loneliness), salivary biomarkers (cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β), and executive function. Methods: Data were collected cross-sectionally from 88 older adults (mean age 75.3). Religious coping, stress, depression, loneliness, and cognitive function were measured with standardized instruments, and saliva samples were collected for salivary cortisol, CRP, and IL-1β. Results: Negative religious coping significantly and positively correlated with stress, depression, and loneliness (r = 0.46, r = 0.21, r = 0.47, all p < 0.05); positive religious coping significantly and negatively correlated with depression and loneliness (r =´0.29, r =´0.23, both p < 0.05); and greater loneliness significantly predicted greater CRP (p < 0.05). For executive function, IL-1β showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.23, p = < 0.05). Discussion: Our findings fill gaps related to biobehavioral interactions of religious coping and cognitive health in the aging population. Future research should include additional psychosocial and biobehavioral variables in larger samples of diverse and vulnerable populations. Collective findings may be able to identify particularly vulnerable subgroups of population, ultimately with tailored interventions to prevent cognitive decline.

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“…Higher scores indicate higher levels of loneliness. Considered a reliable instrument, Cronbach's α is 0.86 in the older adult population [39]. Cronbach's α was 0.91 in this study.…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…A score of 0-5 is normal and a score greater than 5 suggests depression [45]. Cronbach's α is adequate at 0.71 in the older adult [39]. Cronbach's α was 0.79 in this study.…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Design and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biobehavioral Examination of Religious Coping, Psychosocial Factors, and Executive Function in Homebound Older Adults

et al. 2016

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Biopsychosocial Factors and Cognitive Function in Cat Ownership and Attachment in Community-dwelling Older Adults

et al. 2019

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Few studies consider the health benefits of pet ownership from a biopsychosocial perspective, and a paucity of studies investigate cat ownership. The current study was designed to determine if psychosocial factors (stress, loneliness, and depression), biological levels of stress and inflammation (salivary cortisol, interleukin-1␤, and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and cognitive function were associated with companion cat ownership/attachment in community-dwelling older adults. Community-dwelling older adults (n = 96, mean age = 76.6 years) who either owned a cat and no dog (n = 41) or owned neither a cat nor a dog (n = 55) completed questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale, Revised-UCLA Loneliness Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale) and provided saliva specimens which were assayed for stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The majority of participants screened positive for mild cognitive impairment, reported low levels of stress, loneliness, and depression, and the biomarkers reflected fairly low levels of stress and inflammation. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that psychosocial factors, salivary biomarkers, and cognitive function were not significantly associated with cat ownership. Age was the only significant predictor of cat ownership (OR = 0.92, p < 0.01) with the odds of cat ownership decreasing by 8.3% per year of advancing age. On average, cat owners were "somewhat attached" to their cats; however, 26% were "strongly attached" to their cats. Correlation analyses revealed the level of attachment to cats was not associated with study outcomes. These

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Spiritual Pain in Meals on Wheels’ Clients

et al. 2015

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Background: Meals on Wheels’ clients are at risk for spiritual pain due to advanced age, social isolation, and failing health. They are also prone to stress, depression, and loneliness, placing them at risk for adverse biological disruptions and health outcomes. The purpose of the study was to examine associations of spiritual pain with psychosocial factors (stress, depression, loneliness, religious coping) and salivary biomarkers of stress and inflammation (cortisol, IL-1β) in Meals on Wheels’ clients. Methods: Data were collected cross-sectionally from 88 elderly (mean age 75.4). Spiritual pain, stress, depression, loneliness, and religious coping were measured with standardized instruments, and salivary biomarkers were assessed with enzyme immunoassays. Results: Spiritual pain was significantly and positively correlated with stress (r = 0.35, p ≤ 0.001), depression (r = 0.27, p = 0.01), and negative religious coping (r = 0.27, p = 0.01). Correlations with loneliness, positive religious coping, and salivary biomarkers were non-significant. Conclusion: Spiritual pain is an important concept in this population. Research should be expanded to understand the significance of spiritual pain in conjunction with psychosocial and biological variables and its potential impact on physical, mental, and cognitive health outcomes in the elderly.

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Psychosocial Correlates of Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Biobehavioral Approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Biobehavioral Examination of Religious Coping, Psychosocial Factors, and Executive Function in Homebound Older Adults

Biobehavioral Examination of Religious Coping, Psychosocial Factors, and Executive Function in Homebound Older Adults

Biopsychosocial Factors and Cognitive Function in Cat Ownership and Attachment in Community-dwelling Older Adults

Spiritual Pain in Meals on Wheels’ Clients

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