Pulmonary Hemodynamics

Aggarwal, Saurabh; Groß, Christine; Porcelli, R. J.; Black, Stephen M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404577-4.00014-x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 288 publications

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“…Systemic mammalian mean arterial pressures (mean/peak) are 100–120/120–140 mmHg and 160–180/180–220 mmHg at rest and exercise respectively, 36 – 40 while pulmonary arterial pressures (mean/peak) ∼double from 15 to 20 mmHg at rest to 25–40 mmHg during exercise in most species. 41 – 45…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A structural approach to 3D-printing arterial phantoms with physiologically comparable mechanical characteristics: Preliminary observations

Guest

Arroyo

Runciman

2022

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Pulse wave behavior is important in cardiovascular pathophysiology and arterial phantoms are valuable for studying arterial function. The ability of phantoms to replicate complex arterial elasticity and anatomy is limited by available materials and techniques. The feasibility of improving phantom performance using functional structure designs producible with practical 3D printing technologies was investigated. A novel corrugated wall approach to separate phantom function from material properties was investigated with a series of designs printed from polyester-polyurethane using a low-cost open-source fused filament fabrication 3D printer. Nonpulsatile pressure-diameter data was collected, and a mock circulatory system was used to observe phantom pulse wave behavior and obtain pulse wave velocities. The measured range of nonpulsatile Peterson elastic strain modulus was 5.6–19 to 12.4–33.0 kPa over pressures of 5–35 mmHg for the most to least compliant designs respectively. Pulse wave velocities of 1.5–5 m s−1 over mean pressures of 7–55 mmHg were observed, comparing favorably to reported in vivo pulmonary artery measurements of 1–4 m s−1 across mammals. Phantoms stiffened with increasing pressure in a manner consistent with arteries, and phantom wall elasticity appeared to vary between designs. Using a functional structure approach, practical low-cost 3D-printed production of simple arterial phantoms with mechanical properties that closely match the pulmonary artery is possible. Further functional structure design development to expand the pressure range and physiologic utility of dir"ectly 3D-printed phantoms appears warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A structural approach to 3D-printing arterial phantoms with physiologically comparable mechanical characteristics: Preliminary observations

Guest

Arroyo

Runciman

2022

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“The role of a negative pressure ventilator coupled with oxygen helmet against COVID-19: a review”

Chandrasekaran¹,

Shaji²

2021

Res. Biomed. Eng.

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Background The coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) pandemic has provoked the global healthcare industry by potentially affecting more than 20 14 million people across the globe, causing lasting damage to the lungs, notably pneumonia, ARDS (acute respiratory distress 15 syndrome), and sepsis with the rapid spread of infection. To aid the functioning of the lungs and to maintain the blood oxygen 16 saturation (SpO 2 ) in coronavirus patients, ventilator assistance is required. Materials and methods The main purpose of this article is to outline the need 17 for the introduction of a non-invasive negative pressure ventilator (NINPV) as a promising alternative to positive pressure 18 ventilator (PPV) by elucidating the cons of non-invasive ventilators in clinical conditions like ARDS. Another motive is to 19 profoundly diminish the rate of infection spread by the employment of oxygen helmets, instead of endotracheal intubation in 20 invasive positive pressure ventilator (IPPV) or non-invasive positive pressure ventilator (NIPPV) like face masks and high-flow 21 nasal cannula (HFNC). Result and conclusion The integration of oxygen helmet with NPV would result in a number of notable facets including the 22 degree of comfort delivered to patients who are exposed to various ventilator-induced lung injuries (VILI) in the forms of 23 atelectasis, barotrauma, etc. Likewise, preventing the aerosol-generating procedures (AGP) diminishes the rate of nosocomial 24 infections and providing a better environment to both the patients and the healthcare professionals.

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Pulmonary blood volume estimation in mice by magnetic particle imaging and magnetic resonance imaging

Kaul¹,

Mummert²,

Graeser³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This methodical work describes the measurement and calculation of pulmonary blood volume in mice based on two imaging techniques namely by using magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Besides its feasibility aspects that may influence quantitative analysis are studied. Eight FVB mice underwent cardiac MRI to determine stroke volumes and anatomic MRI as morphological reference for functional MPI data. Arrival time analyses of boli of 1 µl of 1 M superparamagnetic tracer were performed by MPI. Pulmonary transit time of the bolus was determined by measurements in the right and left ventricles. Pulmonary blood volume was calculated out of stroke volume, pulmonary transit time and RR-interval length including a maximal error analysis. Cardiac stroke volume was 31.7 µl ± 2.3 µl with an ejection fraction of 71% ± 6%. A sharp contrast bolus profile was observed by MPI allowing subdividing the first pass into three distinct phases: tracer arrival in the right ventricle, pulmonary vasculature, and left ventricle. The bolus full width at half maximum was 578 ms ± 144 ms in the right ventricle and 1042 ms ± 150 ms in the left ventricle. Analysis of pulmonary transit time revealed 745 ms ± 81 ms. Mean RR-interval length was 133 ms ± 12 ms. Pulmonary blood volume resulted in 177 µl ± 27 µl with a mean maximal error limit of 27 µl. Non-invasive assessment of the pulmonary blood volume in mice was feasible. This technique can be of specific value for evaluation of pulmonary hemodynamics in mouse models of cardiac dysfunction or pulmonary disease. Pulmonary blood volume can complement cardiac functional parameters as a further hemodynamic parameter.

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Pulmonary Hemodynamics

Cited by 4 publications

References 288 publications

A structural approach to 3D-printing arterial phantoms with physiologically comparable mechanical characteristics: Preliminary observations

A structural approach to 3D-printing arterial phantoms with physiologically comparable mechanical characteristics: Preliminary observations

“The role of a negative pressure ventilator coupled with oxygen helmet against COVID-19: a review”

Pulmonary blood volume estimation in mice by magnetic particle imaging and magnetic resonance imaging

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