Pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage in the mouse lung after exposure to PM samples from biomass heating appliances of old and modern technologies

Happo, Mikko S.; Uski, Oskari; Jalava, Pasi; Kelz, Joachim; Brunner, T.; Hakulinen, Pasi; Mäki‐Paakkanen, Jorma; Kosma, Veli‐Matti; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Obernberger, Ingwald; Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.004

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In cell culture studies, the chemical composition and combustion conditions have a large impact on the cellular effects induced by biomass PM. Various organic compounds influence the biological effects of PM resulting from poor combustion, whereas metals are of major importance for the effects induced by inorganic ash particles from complete combustion [89,[93][94][95]. These findings have also been confirmed in vivo in two short-term instillation studies of different types of biomass PM [94,95].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Woodsmoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Various organic compounds influence the biological effects of PM resulting from poor combustion, whereas metals are of major importance for the effects induced by inorganic ash particles from complete combustion [89,[93][94][95]. These findings have also been confirmed in vivo in two short-term instillation studies of different types of biomass PM [94,95]. It is important to keep in mind that these in vitro and in vivo studies do not account for differences in pulmonary particle deposition and clearance, which are also influenced by the combustion conditions and the resulting PM properties.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Woodsmoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health impacts of anthropogenic biomass burning in the developed world

Sigsgaard¹,

et al. 2015

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Climate change policies have stimulated a shift towards renewable energy sources such as biomass. The economic crisis of 2008 has also increased the practice of household biomass burning as it is often cheaper than using oil, gas or electricity for heating. As a result, household biomass combustion is becoming an important source of air pollutants in the European Union.This position paper discusses the contribution of biomass combustion to pollution levels in Europe, and the emerging evidence on the adverse health effects of biomass combustion products.Epidemiological studies in the developed world have documented associations between indoor and outdoor exposure to biomass combustion products and a range of adverse health effects. A conservative estimate of the current contribution of biomass smoke to premature mortality in Europe amounts to at least 40 000 deaths per year.We conclude that emissions from current biomass combustion products negatively affect respiratory and, possibly, cardiovascular health in Europe. Biomass combustion emissions, in contrast to emissions from most other sources of air pollution, are increasing. More needs to be done to further document the health effects of biomass combustion in Europe, and to reduce emissions of harmful biomass combustion products to protect public health. @ERSpublications Biomass combustion is an important source of air pollution and ill health in the EU: emissions need to reduce http://ow.ly/RYkPk

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Section: Toxicity Of Woodsmoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Toxicity Of Woodsmoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health impacts of anthropogenic biomass burning in the developed world

Sigsgaard¹,

et al. 2015

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“…Correlation analysis was carried out as described by Happo et al (2013). IBM SPSS statistical software (version 19) was used for all statistical analyses.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis and Relative Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These old-technology appliances generally produce higher amounts of particulate emissions than modern-technology pellet boilers , and additionally, their emissions have elicited significant negative effects in vitro , Tapanainen et al 2012. In contrast, it has been shown that nearly complete combustion of high-quality wood pellets in domestic appliances results in low particulate matter (PM) emissions (Schmidl et al 2011;Lamberg et al 2013) and that these emissions cause typically mild to moderate toxic effects in vitro and in vivo Happo et al 2013). A switch from old-technology domestic appliances to new-technology appliances would thus lead to an overall reduction of harmful PM emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from straw,Miscanthus, and poplar pellet combustion in residential boilers

Kasurinen

Jalava

Uski

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Wood pellets have been used in domestic heating appliances for three decades. However, because the share of renewable energy for heating will likely rise over the next several years, alternative biomass fuels, such as short-rotation coppice or energy crops, will be utilized. We tested particulate emissions from the combustion of standard softwood pellets and three alternative pellets (poplar, Miscanthus sp., and wheat straw) for their ability to induce inflammatory, cytotoxic, and genotoxic responses in a mouse macrophage cell line. Our results showed clear differences in the chemical composition of the emissions, which was reflected in the toxicological effects. Standard softwood and straw pellet combustion resulted in the lowest PM 1 mass emissions. Miscanthus sp. and poplar combustion emissions were approximately three times higher. Emissions from the herbaceous biomass pellets contained higher amounts of chloride and organic carbon than the emissions from standard softwood pellet combustion. Additionally, the emissions of the poplar pellet combustion contained the highest concentration of metals. The emissions from the biomass alternatives caused significantly higher genotoxicity than the emissions from the standard softwood pellets. Moreover, straw pellet emissions caused higher inflammation than the other samples. Regarding cytotoxicity, the differences between the samples were smaller. Relative toxicity was generally highest for the poplar and Miscanthus sp. samples, as their emission factors were much higher. Thus, in addition to possible technical problems, alternative pellet materials may cause higher emissions and toxicity. The long-term use of alternative fuels in residential-scale appliances will require technological developments in both burners and filtration. EDITORTiina Reponen

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“…Ultrafine particles (particle diameter b100 nm) are particularly harmful to human health, since they have a sufficiently small size to penetrate the membranes of the respiratory tract and enter the bloodstream or be transported by the olfactory nerves to the brain (Pöschl, 2005). Thus, health effects caused by particulate matter are dependent on its physical and chemical properties (Bølling et al, 2009), which have a clear relation with combustion appliances, fuels and combustion conditions (Happo et al, 2013;Kaivosoja et al, 2013;Lamberg et al, 2011;Uski et al, 2014;Vu et al, 2012). Aerosols generated by biomass burning, under poor combustion conditions, consist mainly of carbonaceous compounds, mostly OC and smaller amounts of EC (Reid et al, 2005;Tissari et al, 2008), while during efficient combustion conditions, particles are mainly formed by ash related material Torvela et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%