Pulp Mill Wastewater: Characteristics and Treatment

Cabrera, María Noel

doi:10.5772/67537

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Regarding color, removal of this parameter was observed in both organic loads, between 22.1% and 40.7% on average. These results were better than those of Peitz and Xavier (2017), who obtained 3% color removal at a HRT of 3 h. This was unexpected in a biological treatment, in which an increase in the effluent color was observed in reactors similar to the moving bed biofilm reactor (Cabrera, 2017;Kamali and Khodaparast, 2015;Wahyudiono et al, 2008).…”

Section: Organic Matter Color Total Phenolic and Lignin Derivatives Compoundscontrasting

confidence: 47%

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Moving bed biofilm reactor for treatment of Kraft pulp effluent with high organic load rate

Peitz

Xavier

2020

Rev. ambiente água

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The pulp industry uses more than 40 m3 of water per ton of pulp produced, generating high effluent flows. In general, it presents high concentrations of organic matter, color and ecotoxicity. The most widely used effluent treatment systems in the pulp industry are biological, including moving bed biofilm systems that are efficient in removing biodegradable organic matter. This work evaluated the removal of organic matter, total phenolic compounds, color and lignin derivatives in the treatment of Kraft cellulose effluent using the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and also evaluated the support media biofilm development by solid analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The parameters evaluated during treatment were: BOD5, COD, color, total phenolic compounds, lignin derivatives, and solids, with tests performed on organic loads from 0.7 and 8.9 kgCOD m-3 d-1. Organic matter removal remained stable, being over 80% to BOD5 and over 42% to COD. The color and the total phenolic compounds were removed up to approximately 7 and 28%, respectively. Over 19% removal of derivatives of lignin compounds was observed in both organic load rates. In the MBBR, biofilm was confirmed and enabled this biological system to treat the cellulose effluent in a stable way.

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Section: Organic Matter Color Total Phenolic and Lignin Derivatives Compoundscontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…Most industrial effluent treatment systems are biological, and these are also the most used in the pulp and paper industry (Cabrera, 2017). In these industrial sectors, activated sludge, biological filters, aerated lagoons, moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving bed biofilm reactor for treatment of Kraft pulp effluent with high organic load rate

Peitz

Xavier

2020

Rev. ambiente água

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“…The liquid waste undergoes primary treatment in sedimentation tanks to remove suspended solids. The secondary biological treatment mostly uses activated sludge and aerated lagoons to degrade the suspended solids using microbial activity [31]. After treatment, the water samples are tested in a laboratory to meet effluent permit regulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash: A Review

Cherian

Siddiqua

2019

Sustainability

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The continual growth of pulp and paper industry has led to the generation of tremendous volumes of fly ash as byproducts of biomass combustion processes. Commonly, a major part of it is landfilled; however, updated environmental regulations have tended to restrict the landfilling of fly ash due to rising disposal costs and the scarcity of suitable land. The pulp and paper industries are therefore urgently seeking energy-efficient mechanisms and management for the beneficial use of fly ash in an ecological and economical manner. This paper offers a comprehensive review of existing knowledge on the major physicochemical and toxicological properties of pulp and paper mill fly ash to assess its suitability for various bound and unbound applications. The current state of various methods used for the valorization of pulp and paper mill fly ash into more sustainable geomaterials is briefly discussed. This paper also presents promising and innovative applications for pulp and paper mill fly ash, with particular reference to agriculture and forestry, the construction and geotechnical industries, and the immobilization of contaminants. It was identified from a literature review that modified pulp and paper mill fly ash can be environmentally and economically advantageous over commercial coal-based fly ash in various sustainable applications.Sustainability 2019, 11, 4394 2 of 16 use of compost products, etc., are drawbacks of composting [10]. Contaminant-free PPFA has great significance as a soil liming agent and fertilizer in agriculture and forestry [6,11]; however, its direct application requires safety precautions due to its undesirable handling and spreading characteristics and associated health risks [12,13]. Further, high pH and electrical conductivity values of pore water in wood ash might have perturbing effects on the microbial community [14]. In order to withstand extreme conditions, the bacteria may enter a dormant stage, thereby decreasing the microbial population and diversity and ultimately disturbing the ecological balance. PPFA and value-added materials also have multifunctional engineering applications, such as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in concrete systems, aggregate in pavement construction, binder for soil stabilization, and adsorbent for the immobilization of toxic heavy metals [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Based on a statistical survey conducted on the management and utilization of boiler ashes generated at Canadian pulp and paper mills, it was reported that more than 50% of ash is landfilled, 20-25% is used as a soil amendment (direct application or compost), and less than 20% is used for other beneficial applications such as the construction of embankment fills, the stabilization of pavement layers, and the solidification of wastes. [1,2].This paper reviews the existing knowledge on physicochemical and toxicological properties of PPFA in order to assess its suitability as a sustainable geomaterial for various bound and unbound applications. The bound applications of fly ash in...

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“…Biosludge, also referred to as secondary sludge, is generated as a result. Primary sludge and secondary sludge are then mechanically dewatered, either together or separately, before further handling or disposal [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Primary Sludge on the Physical Features of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites

2019

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The cost-efficient reutilization of byproduct materials is a significant global goal, contributing towards the sustainable use of resources. In this study, the effects of including primary sludge in composite materials on their physical performance are examined, in order to achieve more effective reuse. The studied materials were made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE), lubricants, and either wood flour from spruce (Picea abies) or primary sludge from the side-stream of forest industry processes as a filler. The materials were compounded by agglomeration, followed by manufacturing with a conical twin-screw extruder. The physical properties of the materials were characterized by water absorption and thickness swelling tests; furthermore, impact strength was characterized after the stress of a cyclic freeze-thawing test. The elemental compositions of the materials were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Primary sludge, as a component in the structure of the composite material, resulted in a significant improvement of moisture behaviors in the water absorption and thickness swelling tests. The identified results demonstrate that primary sludge is a technically applicable material for utilization in composite materials.

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Pulp Mill Wastewater: Characteristics and Treatment

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Moving bed biofilm reactor for treatment of Kraft pulp effluent with high organic load rate

Moving bed biofilm reactor for treatment of Kraft pulp effluent with high organic load rate

Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash: A Review

The Impact of Primary Sludge on the Physical Features of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites

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