Pulsating auroras produced by interactions of electrons and time domain structures

Mozer, F. S.; Agapitov, Oleksiy; Hull, A. J.; Lejosne, Solène; Vasko, I. Y.

doi:10.1002/2017ja024223

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Finally, the role that nonlinear wave structures, commonly referred to as “time domain structures” (TDSs), play in relativistic electron dynamics in the outer zone is important to understand. One of the surprising results from the Van Allen Probes is the ubiquity of TDS observed in the inner magnetosphere (Mozer et al, , ). Given the novelty of these radiation belt observations, the role of TDSs in radiation belt dynamics is underexplored and is rife for investigation and potential discovery.…”

Section: The Role Of Nonlinear Processes In the Global Variability Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Review of Current Research and Open Questions

et al. 2020

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The past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in operation including the Van Allen Probes, Arase, Magnetospheric Multiscale, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, Cluster, GPS, GOES, and Los Alamos National Laboratory‐GEO magnetospheric missions. They were supported by conjugate low‐altitude measurements on spacecraft, balloons, and ground‐based arrays. Together, these significantly improved our ability to determine and quantify the mechanisms that control the buildup and subsequent variability of energetic particle intensities in the inner magnetosphere. The high‐quality data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Van Allen Probes are the most comprehensive in situ measurements ever taken in the near‐Earth space radiation environment. These observations, coupled with recent advances in radiation belt theory and modeling, including dramatic increases in computational power, have ushered in a new era, perhaps a “golden era,” in radiation belt research. We have edited a Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Science Special Collection dedicated to Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts in which we gather the most recent scientific findings and understanding of this important region of geospace. This collection includes the results presented at the American Geophysical Union Chapman International Conference in Cascais, Portugal (March 2018) and many other recent and relevant contributions. The present article introduces and review the context, current research, and main questions that motivate modern radiation belt research divided into the following topics: (1) particle acceleration and transport, (2) particle loss, (3) the role of nonlinear processes, (4) new radiation belt modeling capabilities and the quantification of model uncertainties, and (5) laboratory plasma experiments.

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Section: The Role Of Nonlinear Processes In the Global Variability Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Review of Current Research and Open Questions

et al. 2020

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“…(Malaspina et al, 2014(Malaspina et al, , 2018Mozer et al, 2015;Tong et al, 2018;Vasko et al, 2017c). These nonlinear structures can accelerate (Mozer et al, 2016;Vasko et al, 2015) and scatter (Vasko et al, 2017b(Vasko et al, , 2018 plasma sheet electrons, contributing to the diffuse aurora (Mozer et al, 2017(Mozer et al, , 2018Nishimura et al, 2018).…”

Section: Geophysical Research Lettersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Evidence of Low‐Energy Electron Scattering and Ionospheric Precipitation by Time Domain Structures

Shen

Artemyev

Zhang

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Plasma sheet electron precipitation is critical in magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling and has long been attributed to electron scattering by whistler‐mode and electron cyclotron harmonic waves. Recent observations have revealed that time domain structures (TDSs) that appear as broadband electrostatic fluctuations may also scatter plasma sheet electrons. However, there has been no observational evidence of TDS scattering electrons into the ionosphere. This study presents potential evidence from conjugate observations between the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission and the low‐altitude Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) spacecraft. During the five events presented, THEMIS observed intense electron injections accompanied by TDSs, while e‐POP captured precipitation of plasma sheet electrons with energies ∼100–325 eV over a broad pitch angle range. The observed TDSs can efficiently scatter these electrons exceeding the strong diffusion limit. Our results suggest that TDSs may contribute to plasma sheet electron scattering around times of injections.

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“…They include electron and ion phase space holes and electron acoustic and ion-acoustic solitary waves. Mechanisms for generation of TDSs and their electron scattering, heating, and acceleration are well documented in the literature (Agapitov et al, , 2018Artemyev et al, 2014;Berthomier et al, 1998;Drake et al, 2015;Goldman et al, 1999;Hubbard & Joyce, 1979;Joyce & Hubbard, 1978;Karpman & Kaufman, 1982;Kellogg et al, 2010;Kuzichev et al, 2017;Lashmore-Davies & Martin, 1973;Miyake et al, 1998;Morse & Nielson, 1969a, 1969bMozer et al, 2013Mozer et al, , 2014Mozer et al, , 2017Omura et al, 1996Omura et al, , 2008Oppenheim et al, 2001;Roberts & Berk, 1967;Shapiro & Ride, 1994;Singh, 2003;Vasko et al, 2015;Vasko, Agapitov, Mozer, Artemyev, & Krasnoselskikh, 2016;Vasko, Agapitov, Mozer, Artemyev, & Drake, 2016;Vasko, Agapitov, Mozer, Artemyev, Drake, & Kuzichev, 2017;Wu et al, 2011;Yamamoto & Kan, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We considered the role of Time Domain Structures (TDSs) for precipitating electrons with energies both below and above 10 keV in our previous publication (Mozer et al, , hereafter called M17). TDSs are millisecond duration pulses of parallel electric field that propagate along the background magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reply to Comment by Nishimura Et Al.

et al. 2018

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Nishimura et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1193186, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016876, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA018242, and in their comment, hereafter called N18) have suggested that chorus waves interact with equatorial electrons to produce pulsating auroras. We agree that chorus can scatter electrons >10 keV, as do Time Domain Structures (TDSs). Lower‐energy electrons occurring in pulsating auroras cannot be produced by chorus, but such electrons are scattered and accelerated by TDS. TDSs often occur with chorus and have power in their spectra at chorus frequencies. Thus, the absence of power at low frequencies is not evidence that TDSs are absent, as an example shows. Through examination of equatorial electric field waveforms and electron pitch angle distributions measured on the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites (in place of examining field and particle spectra, as done by Nishimura et al.), we show that chorus cannot produce the field‐aligned electrons associated with pulsating auroras in the Nishimura et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1193186) events, but TDSs can. Equatorial field‐aligned electron distributions associated with pulsating auroras and created by TDS in the absence of chorus or any other wave at the equator are also shown.

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Pulsating auroras produced by interactions of electrons and time domain structures

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Review of Current Research and Open Questions

Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Review of Current Research and Open Questions

Potential Evidence of Low‐Energy Electron Scattering and Ionospheric Precipitation by Time Domain Structures

Reply to Comment by Nishimura Et Al.

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