Pulse-Shape Discrimination of SiPM Array-Coupled CLYC Detector Using Convolutional Neural Network

Abstract

Cs2LiYCl6: Ce3+ (CLYC) is a dual-mode gamma-neutron scintillator with a medium gamma-ray resolution and pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capability. The PSD performance of CLYC is greatly weakened when coupled with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) because of SiPMs’ low detection efficiency for the ultrafast Core-Valence-Luminescence (CVL) component under gamma excitation. In our previous work, the PSD Figure-of-Merit (FoM) value was optimized to 2.45 at the gamma-equivalent energy region of the thermal neutron by using the charge comparison method. However, this value was reduced to 1.37 at the lower gamma-equivalent energy region of more than 325 keV, and neutrons were difficult to distinguish from gamma rays. Hence, new algorithms should be studied to improve the PSD performance at low gamma-equivalent energy regions. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have excellent image recognition capabilities, and thus, neutron and gamma-ray waveforms can be discriminated by their characteristics through a known training set. In this study, neutron and gamma-ray waveforms were measured with a 137Cs source and moderated 252Cf source via an SiPM array-coupled CLYC detector and divided into two groups: training and PSD testing. The CNN training set comprised 137Cs characteristic gamma-ray waveforms and thermal neutron waveforms that were discriminated by the charge comparison method from the training group. A CNN with two convolution-pooling layers was designed to accomplish PSD with the test group. The PSD FoM value of the CNN method was calculated to be 37.20 at the gamma-equivalent energy region of more than 325 keV. This result was much higher than that of the charge comparison method, indicating that neutrons and gamma rays could be better distinguished with the CNN method, especially at low gamma-equivalent energy regions.

A portable neutron gamma discrimination detector based on NaIL and SiPM

“…Although the SiPM gain is greater after the bias correction in the high-temperature section, the SiPM dark count also increases when the bias is increased, so the overall SNR difference is not significant. In general, there is little difference in the FOM of the detector before and after bias correction, and the deviation is less than 2.4% in the range 0-50 • C. Previous studies have shown that NaIL containing 1% 6 Li has obvious differences in the shapes and speed composition of neutron and gamma pulses at different temperatures [16]. Obtaining the optimal FOM requires adjusting the screening parameters of the PSD algorithm.…”

“…Pulse shape discrimination is mainly used in scintillator detectors such as plastic scintillators, liquid scintillators, and inorganic scintillators. Systems using CLYC are well known in current studies of neutron-gamma detection [6]. As a new type of inorganic scintillator for neutron-gamma detection, NaIL has the advantages of low production cost, high thermal neutron detection efficiency, and good neutron-gamma discrimination [7].…”

Neutron and Gamma Pulse Shape Discrimination by Robust Determination of the Decay Shape

“…It has the advantages of stability, reliability and simplicity in computation along with a high discrimination power [11]. It is considered as a reference to compare with more recent algorithms of neutron/gamma discrimination that have been recently proposed, such as the use of convolutional neural networks [12].…”