Pupil diameter differentiates expertise in dental radiography visual search

Castner, Nora; Appel, Tobias; Eder, Thérése; Richter, Juliane; Scheiter, Katharina; Keutel, Constanze; Hüttig, Fabian; Duchowski, Andrew T.; Kasneci, Enkelejda

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223941

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Furthermore, Castner et al (2020) reported that data loss values produced by manufacturer software are not always reliable. They found that for a participant with a reported tracking ratio of 98% (a data loss of 2%), an additional large gap in the left eye gaze signal-approximately 3.5s out of a 90s recording-appeared as data loss, but was labelled as a blink.…”

Section: Data Loss and Interpolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline

et al. 2022

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In this paper, we present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures. We take this review to represent the empirical foundation for reporting guidelines of any study involving an eye tracker. We compare this empirical foundation to five existing reporting guidelines and to a database of 207 published eye-tracking studies. We find that reporting guidelines vary substantially and do not match with actual reporting practices. We end by deriving a minimal, flexible reporting guideline based on empirical research (Section “An empirically based minimal reporting guideline”).

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Section: Data Loss and Interpolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline

et al. 2022

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“…Di-Flumeri et al assessed, in real-time, the vigilance level of an Air Traffic Controller by measuring the time-to-first fixation as an indicator of a high level of vigilance [ 9 ]. Consequently, there seems to be a difference in gaze depending on the workload [ 10 ], and the experience of individuals. This difference in visual perception according to expertise is now well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Visual Perception According to the Performance Using the Eye-Tracking Technology in High-Fidelity Simulation Settings

Tanoubi

Tourangeau

Sodoké

et al. 2021

Behavioral Sciences

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Introduction: We used eye-tracking technology to explore the visual perception of clinicians during a high-fidelity simulation scenario. We hypothesized that physicians who were able to successfully manage a critical situation would have a different visual focus compared to those who failed. Methods: A convenience sample of 18 first-year emergency medicine residents were enrolled voluntarily to participate in a high-fidelity scenario involving a patient in shock with a 3rd degree atrioventricular block. Their performance was rated as pass or fail and depended on the proper use of the pacing unit. Participants were wearing pre-calibrated eye-tracking glasses throughout the 9-min scenario and infrared (IR) markers installed in the simulator were used to define various Areas of Interest (AOI). Total View Duration (TVD) and Time to First Fixation (TFF) by the participants were recorded for each AOI and the results were used to produce heat maps. Results: Twelve residents succeeded while six failed the scenario. The TVD for the AOI containing the pacing unit was significantly shorter (median [quartile]) for those who succeeded compared to the ones who failed (42 [31–52] sec vs. 70 [61–90] sec, p = 0.0097). The TFF for the AOI containing the ECG and vital signs monitor was also shorter for the participants who succeeded than for those who failed (22 [6–28] sec vs. 30 [27–77] sec, p = 0.0182). Discussion: There seemed to be a connection between the gaze pattern of residents in a high-fidelity bradycardia simulation and their performance. The participants who succeeded looked at the monitor earlier (diagnosis). They also spent less time fixating the pacing unit, using it promptly to address the bradycardia. This study suggests that eye-tracking technology could be used to explore how visual perception, a key information-gathering element, is tied to decision-making and clinical performance.

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“…Pupil diameter has also successfully been used to detect cognitive load in a variety of scenarios, including driving [39], during low visual load tasks [40], route planning with maps [41], and simultaneous interpreting [42]. Furthermore, it was successfully used to differentiate expertise closely related to cognitive load [43] We applied preprocessing steps to improve data quality of the pupil signal. First, we removed periods that were marked as blinks, as well as the 100ms right before and after a blink.…”

Section: Pupil-related Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Task and Cross-Participant Classification of Cognitive Load in an Emergency Simulation Game

Appel¹,

Gerjets²,

Hoffman

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Affective Comput.

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Assessment of cognitive load is a major step towards adaptive interfaces. However, non-invasive assessment is rather subject as well as task specific and generalizes poorly, mainly due to methodological limitations. Additionally, it heavily relies on performance data like game scores or test results. In this study we present an eye-tracking approach that circumvents these shortcomings and allows for generalizing well across participants and tasks. First, we established classifiers for predicting cognitive load individually for a typical working memory task (n-back), which we then applied to an emergency simulation game by considering the k most similar ones and weighting their predictions. Standardization steps helped achieving high levels of cross-task and cross-participant classification accuracy between 63.78% and 67.25% for the distinction between easy and hard levels of the emergency simulation game. These very promising results may pave the way for novel adaptive computer-human interaction across domains and particularly for gaming and learning environments.

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Pupil diameter differentiates expertise in dental radiography visual search

Cited by 22 publications

References 84 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Eye tracking: empirical foundations for a minimal reporting guideline

Comparing the Visual Perception According to the Performance Using the Eye-Tracking Technology in High-Fidelity Simulation Settings

Cross-Task and Cross-Participant Classification of Cognitive Load in an Emergency Simulation Game

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